Religion Exam Review Flashcards

Flashcards for Religion Exam Review

What is the "Nostra Aetate" and how does it support ecumenism?

A document that supports ecumenism.

What is the difference between monotheism and polytheism?

Monotheism is the belief in one God; polytheism is the belief in multiple gods.

Define various Indigenous Spirituality rituals (e.g., Vision Quest, Sweat Lodge, Sun Dance, Sacred Pipe ceremony, smudging, etc.).

Various rituals include Vision Quest, Sweat Lodge, Sun Dance, Sacred Pipe ceremony, and smudging.

Explain the difference between mystery and myth. Give examples of each. How does the scientific approach to mystery and myth differ from the religious perspective?

Mystery is something beyond human comprehension, while myth is a symbolic narrative. Scientific approach differs from religious perspective through empirical evidence vs. faith.

What are the different types of interreligious dialogue?

Different types include dialogue of life, dialogue of action, dialogue of theological exchange, and dialogue of spiritual experience.

Sacred Stories, Scriptures & Community

Sacred stories and scriptures.

Explain how Jesus is recognized by all 3 of the Abrahamic religions we examined this semester.

Jesus is recognized as a prophet or important figure.

List the major events in: - the Life of Muhammad - the Life of Jesus

Events in Muhammad's life: birth in Mecca, the first revelation. Events in Jesus' life: birth in Bethlehem, crucifixion, resurrection.

Describe the term "Predestination" and give an example of a specific religion that tends to follow this doctrine.

Predestination is the belief that all events are predetermined by God. An example is Calvinism.

List and briefly describe the various branches/denominations of Judaism and Christianity.

Judaism branches: Orthodox, Conservative, Reform. Christianity denominations: Catholic, Protestant, Orthodox.

Who was the first Pope of Christianity and who legalized it in ancient Roman society?

First Pope of Christianity: St. Peter.
Christianity legalized by: Constantine.

Who founded Judaism and who were his 2 sons that became important within Judaism and Islam?

Founder of Judaism: Abraham. Sons: Isaac and Ishmael.

Who were the 3 main founders of new faith we studied during the beginning of the Protestant Reformation and what new religion/denomination did they found?

Founders of new faith during the Protestant Reformation: Martin Luther, John Calvin, and Ulrich Zwingli.

Sacred Beliefs, Rituals & Actions

Sacred beliefs, rituals, and actions.

List some of the different types of clothing and their significance for: - Jewish men - Muslim women

Jewish men: Yarmulke (head covering). Muslim women: Hijab (headscarf).

Explain how the Jewish Kosher/Kashrut and the Muslim Haram/Halal are similar and different.

Similarities: Both provide guidelines for permissible and forbidden foods. Differences: Specific foods and rules vary.

What is: - Jihad - a Saint - a Prophet - a Messenger

Jihad: Struggle or striving, sometimes refers to holy war. Saint: Holy person.
Prophet: Messenger of God

Define these Christian terms: - Incarnation - Trinity - Resurrection - Transubstantiation

Incarnation: God becoming human. Trinity: God in three persons. Resurrection: Rising from the dead. Transubstantiation: Bread and wine becoming the body and blood of Christ.

Describe the prayer rituals of Muslims (Pillar of Prayer)

Muslim prayer rituals include washing, facing Mecca, and performing specific movements and recitations.

Describe any 2 physical rituals Christians may do upon entering a Church to pray.

Physical rituals: Making the sign of the cross, kneeling.

What is the central prayer of the Jews, Christians and Muslims?

The central prayer varies: Shema (Judaism), Lord's Prayer (Christianity), Salat (Islam).

Sacred Places

Sacred Places

List the elements (e.g. Ark, Minaret) & their significance for: - Synagogue (Jewish) - Mosque (Muslim)

Synagogue: Ark (holds Torah scrolls), Mosque: Minaret (tower for calling to prayer).

Note one holy location/city for each of the religions and explain why each is so special.

Holy locations: Jerusalem (Judaism, Christianity, Islam), Mecca (Islam).

Between which two cities/sites do the Muslims travel when they are on Hajj?

Muslims travel between Mecca and Medina during Hajj.

What is the name of the community gathering places for each of the Abrahamic religions we covered this semester?

Synagogue (Judaism), Church (Christianity), Mosque (Islam)

Why is Jerusalem so important to the Jews, Christians and Muslims?

Jerusalem is important to Jews as the location of the Temple, to Christians as the site of Jesus's crucifixion and resurrection, and to Muslims as the site of Muhammad's Night Journey.

Sacred Times

Sacred Times

Explain some of the main reasons for the Christian Great Schism and Protestant Reformation.

Great Schism: theological disagreements and papal authority. Protestant Reformation: corruption in the Catholic Church and theological disagreements.

Explain the significant changes of the Councils of: - Nicea - Jerusalem - Trent - Vatican I & II

Significant changes include defining doctrine and addressing controversies.

List the Seven Sacraments. Which two (2) are accepted by all Christian Churches?

The Seven Sacraments are Baptism, Confirmation, Eucharist, Penance, Anointing of the Sick, Holy Orders, and Matrimony. Baptism and Eucharist are accepted by all Christian Churches.

List the Five Pillars of Islam and some of the important rituals associated with each one.

The Five Pillars of Islam are Shahada (declaration of faith), Salat (prayer), Zakat (charity), Sawm (fasting), and Hajj (pilgrimage).

List/Explain some of the times of persecution for the Jews and Christians?

Persecution times: The Holocaust (Jews), Roman persecution (Christians).

What is the Sabbath and when is it celebrated by the 3 Monotheistic Religions?

Sabbath: A day of rest. Celebrated on Saturday (Judaism) and Sunday (Christianity).

List and briefly explain festivals (e.g., Easter Week, Rosh Hashanah) of the 3 Monotheistic Religions.

Festivals: Easter Week (Christianity), Rosh Hashanah (Judaism).

What are the Jewish New Year, and the Day of Atonement celebrations called?

Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur.

What is the time of fasting called for Muslims and what celebration follows it? What are other examples of fasting from the other Abrahamic religions?

Ramadan, followed by Eid al-Fitr. Lent (Christianity), Yom Kippur (Judaism).