Schools Exam #2 Review

T/F Level one research includes evidence from at least one well conducted randomized clinical trial.

T/F Level one research includes evidence from at least one well conducted randomized clinical trial.

true

What percentage of children in the US exhibit behavior problems?

15-20%

Asking are the treatment outcomes functional helps to ensure ___ in research studies.

generalization

The goal of RTI is to provide differentiated instruction and read and remediation opportunities in the ____ classroom

general education

T/F The decision regarding which intervention approach is most appropriate for each student rests solely with the treating SLP.

false

T/F The receding schedule works best in states that allow IPs to be written as minutes per grading period.

false (minutes per year)

___ are used as visual cues to help the student outline brainstorm and generate ideas related to a topic.

semantic map

Asking is the sample size too small or too large helps to rule out threats to _____.

external validity

___, ___, and glides are acquired early and ___, ___, and consonant clusters are acquired later

nasals and stops; fricatives and affricates

Targeting fricatives should improve ___

stops

The SLP reformulates what the child says into a longer, more grammatically correct sentence. This is referred to as ___.

expanding

During early childhood and elementary, what approach is typically taken for intervention in the school setting?

cognitive-developmental approach

What is the cognitive-developmental approach entail?

direct skills are taught, teaches curriculum based standards, and picks the cognitive development stage based on the students age and works to help them meet those standards.

During class, we discussed the phonology classroom, a common application of the self-contained program model. Name several statements or facts about this service delivery model.

preschool age usually with speech-sound disorders, it's in a blocked system, and the advantages are carryover, quick dismissals, treating more kids, and increased motivation.

Define the blast schedule model.

articulation/speech sound disorder when parents express concern their child is missing instruction in general education, short and intensive (5-15 minutes) outside of class.

Define the consultation model.

SLP teams with a teacher, parent, and/or student to help them with different goals in the classroom where they can ask questions or refer back to the SLP for their knowledge. The SLP does not perform direct intervention, but leaves that up to the other people they are consulting with.

What does AAC stand for?

alternative and augmentative communication

What does RTI stand for?

response to intervention

What is tier one in RTI?

instructional practices and behavioral supports provided in the curriculum basis estimates (what should be happening anyway)

In a teaming for reading model, and SLP and OT might work together with the teacher to teach elementary school age children to learn to read and write. What are four goals or activities and SLP might directly address?

phonological awareness, vocabulary building, comprehension development, and instruction and story grammar

What is instruction and story grammar

elements of plot and order words

In a teaming for reading model, and SLP and OT might work together with the teacher to teach elementary school age children to learn to read and write. What are goals or activities and OT might directly address?

fine motor skills, letter information, multi-sensory phonics instruction

Define dual language learning immersion.

half kids in class are native english speakers and the other half speak another language and instruction is split half in english and half in the other language

Change the following phrases from don't statements to do statements. Don't run, don't yell, don't speak out of turn.

walk please, use your inside voice, raise your hand and wait to be called on

Define the following phonological approach, broad based approach.

eclectic and individualistic (whatever works with the kid is what you do)

Define the following phonological approach, minimal oppositions approach

minimal pairs, highlighting one contrast instead of many to signal change in meaning

List three adaptations or modifications found in a resource room.

large print textbooks, simplified directions, highlighted textbooks, audio recordings

Research has demonstrated the effectiveness of using a push-in or team teaching service model. List three specific improvements.

better generalization skills, increase intelligibility, more effective way of teaching vocabulary and curriculum, more complete utterance, education to classroom teacher to accommodate/modify for child's needs

Why is it important to teach self reflection and meta-cognitition?

self-regulation and managing emotions and behaviors

What is mindfulness?

focusing on the moment and honing in on what you need to focus on without distraction about other things

T/F SLP must consider the individual needs of each student when selecting the appropriate service delivery model.

true

T/F The mandate for least restrictive environment cause caused many self-contained classrooms to be phased out.

true

T/F ASHA supports telepractice as an effective service delivery model.

true

The ___ is usually implemented at the middle school level and uses a strategy based remediation approach.

resource room model

Which of the following statements is true regarding phonology: T/F deficit in the production of speech sounds can result from physical, organic, or functional causes

true

Which of the following statements is true regarding phonology: T/F diagnosed only in preschool aged children

false

Which of the following statements is true regarding phonology: T/F about 20% of children are diagnosed with speech sound difficulties

false (closer to 12)

Which of the following statements is true regarding phonology: T/F children diagnosed with phonological disorders are often at risk for reading and writing difficulties

true

___ is a demonstration of a desired behavior via an electronic device that a student imitates.

video modeling

Budget planning and personale time allocations must remain ___ and allow for fluid transition among service delivery models.

flexible

Targeting affricates improves ____

stops

Targeting clusters improves ____

singletons

Targeting non-stimulable sounds improves ___ sounds

stimulable

What is a stimulable sound?

a sound that a child can produce correctly or close to correct with the help of cuing and prompting

What is a non-stimulable sound?

a sound that a child cannot produce correctly or close to correct with the help of cuing and prompting

Targeting ___ stops improves voiceless stops

voiced

Behavior problems are often rooted in inadequate ____.

ability to communication

__ million children in the United States live in poverty.

13

An example of a tangible award is a ___?

sticker

An example of an intangible award is a ___?

verbal praise

You may review your vocabulary flashcards at this table with me, or we may go back to your seat and review them over there. This is an example of _____.

forced choice

The team must analyze the communicative ___ of the behaviors.

intent (pragmatics/purpose)

Just like in elementary school, we typically use a cognitive-developmental approach where we teach direct therapy skills. What is the approach often taken in middle school.

strategy based in a resource room (test taking, note taking, time management, stress management)

Define the service delivery model, block schedule model.

Pulled out and not miss all of the instruction in a class, allows multiple delivery service models within one section

What is tier two in RTI?

whenever they find the kids aren't learning at the same rate as their peers and they get specialized instruction or remediation in the general education classroom.

Define english as a second language (dual language learning) model.

The ESL program is a self-contained program and the lessons are all in English. There's focused language development component and nonnative english speakers have time to interact with native english speakers during nonacademic times.

Define the ESL pull-out program.

nonnative english speakers spend part of their day in english and part in other classrooms focused on learning english

Rewrite this phrase from a don't statement to a do statement. Don't hit.

hands to ourselves

Rewrite this phrase from a don't statement to a do statement. Don't leave the classroom without a pass.

get a pass before leaving the classroom

Define the complexity approach.

work on harder targets so the easier targets fall into place

Describe the traditional motor approach.

drill work, pick your sound and focus on it in every position. Starts with discrimination, isolation, nonsense syllables, words (initial, then medial, then final), structured phrases, sentences, spontaneous.

Shared storybook reading involves reading a storybook to kids while engaging them in discussion that is rich in language enhancing techniques. List three specific focuses that can be addressed when utilizing this approach.

meaning of unfamiliar words, provide decontextualized experiences, encouraging interactive dialogue, encourage self expression, develop an awareness of text organization, developing listening skills

Discuss how environment is important in managing a child's behavior. Give an example.

modify the environment so there's not distractions if you want them to listen. Ex. don't let the toybox be in the line of sight with your client.

T/F The blast model might be used when the parents express concern about the child missing instruction in the general education curriculum.

true

T/F Although iPads and computer apps are widely used as intervention tools, research has shown that this approach is not effective in making functional changes in a child's speech and language skills.

false

T/F Telepractice is appropriate in all evaluation situations by conducting a standardized assessment or assessing the muscle tone or strength.

false

T/F Children with CP who require AAC typically receive excellent speech therapy services that target AAC in the school setting.

false

The ___ may be useful for students who require intensive service such as a child with apraxia of speech and language delay.

diversified role model

___ approach involves using and accepting all types of communication equally, such as facial expression and body language.

total communication

What is the opposite of the total communication approach?

constraint based approach (where students have to communicate orally and aurally)

___ and resource room models could arguably be noncompliant with the mandate of providing services in the least restricted environment.

self-contained classrooms

Asking "does this study have a group of control subjects" helps to rule out threats to ____

internal validity

Ultrasound biofeedback can be a affective intervention for children with persistent ___ errors

rhotic (r sounds)

___ million children in the united states lack health insurance.

9

Verbal praise for ___ behaviors is just as important as corrective feedback for __ behaviors

wanted (on task); unwanted (off task)

Giving students ____ gives students a clear understanding of what they should do in the upcoming event.

foreshadowing

When it comes to bullying, teachers believe they are intervening ___ percent of the time and students believe that teachers are intervening ___ percent of the time.

75 and 25

In high school, what is the focus of therapy?

transitional goals, functional skills, life skills, vocational skills

Define a cooperative learning team model.

put into groups of peers with varied abilities that help each other and provide feedback

Define the pull-out program model.

students are pulled out of the general education classroom for instruction from the SLP in an isolated environment

Define the team teaching model.

an SLP teams with a teacher work together to teach from their area of expertise which can be hard to plan for the first year or two

What is tier three in RTI?

child hasn't done well in past two years and get accessed if they need more services or special education

Define one way dual language enrichment.

the entire class speaks a native language other than english and the lessons are taught half in their language and half in english

Define transitional bilingual education.

Students are provided with native language support until they achieve a sufficient level of proficiency in their second language to benefit from instruction in that language

Define sheltered content ESL instruction.

It's primarily used at the secondary level and provides support for content classes. The goal is for students to acquire academic content and english proficiencies as quickly as possible.

What is the cycles approach to phonological treatment?

pick a target and work on it for a set amount of time. At the end of that time, (even without mastery) move on to the next sound. Cycle back to it again after going through everything else, if it has not been mastered.

What is the normative approach to phonological treatment?

choose sounds to treat based off of developmental norms

List three situations or scenarios where telepractice might be considered the best service delivery model.

when the home environment is best, patient has limited ability to leave their home, patient is not in the same area, bilingual services are needed, caregiver in the natural environment is trained