ICSE-Selina-Class-9-Biology-Chapter-12-Skeleton-Movement-and-Locomotion

What are the six main functions of the human skeleton?

1. Support and shape; 2. Protection; 3. Movement; 4. Leverage; 5. Formation of blood cells; 6. Storehouse of calcium and phosphorus.

What two main parts make up the human skeleton?

Axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton.

What type of joint is characterized by no movement?

Immovable joints.

Name the three types of movable joints.

1. Hinge joint; 2. Ball and socket joint; 3. Pivot joint.

What are the two types of bone marrow?

Yellow marrow and red marrow.

What is the chief component of the human skeleton?

Bone.

Which bones are considered the 'long bones' in the human body?

Humerus, femur, tibia, fibula, radius, and ulna.

How many bones does the adult human skeleton typically have?

206 bones.

What is the function of ligaments in the skeletal system?

Ligaments bind bones together.

What is the role of cartilage in the skeleton?

Cartilage provides support and flexibility.

What part of the skeleton protects the brain?

The skull.

What type of joint allows for the movement in all directions?

Ball and socket joint.

What are antagonistic muscles?

Muscles that cause opposing movements.

What are the two types of bone tissue?

Compact bone and spongy bone.

Which bones form the rib cage?

Ribs and the sternum.

What is the function of the sternum?

To protect internal organs and support the rib cage.

What type of joint is found at the knee?

Hinge joint.

Where is red marrow found?

At the ends of long bones.

What connects muscles to bones?

Tendons.

What are the two major divisions of the vertebral column?

Cervical and lumbar regions.

What is the difference between true ribs and false ribs?

True ribs are directly attached to the sternum, while false ribs are not.

What is the composition of bone?

Organic and inorganic materials, primarily calcium and phosphorus.

What is the primary function of the triceps muscle?

To extend the arm at the elbow.

What joint allows the head to rotate?

Pivot joint, specifically the joint between the atlas and axis vertebrae.

What do you call the cartilage at the joints that provides cushioning?

Articular cartilage.

What is the basic structural unit of bone?

Osteocyte.

What is the outer layer of bone called?

Periosteum.

What type of joint is found between the vertebrae?

Partially movable joints.

What is the function of biceps in the arm?

To flex the lower arm over the upper arm.

Which vertebrae are located in the neck region?

Cervical vertebrae.

How many pairs of ribs do humans typically have?

Twelve pairs.

What role does the pelvic girdle play in the skeleton?

It supports the skeleton of the hind limbs and protects abdominal organs.

What are the three tiny bones located in the ear called?

Malleus, incus, and stapes.

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

Seven cervical vertebrae.

What muscle helps with the straightening of the arm?

Triceps muscle.

What are the components of the axial skeleton?

Skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum.

What does the sacrum consist of?

Fusion of five vertebrae.

What is the main function of the appendicular skeleton?

To facilitate movement through the limbs and girdles.

What are the two main types of skeletal muscles?

Voluntary and involuntary muscles.

What do skeletal muscles help maintain?

Body posture.

What does the term 'synovial joint' refer to?

Freely movable joints with synovial fluid.

What is one example of a hinge joint?

Elbow joint.

What happens to bones as a person ages?

The organic part decreases, and bones become more fragile.

What is the longest bone in the human body?

Femur.

Describe the structure of a typical long bone.

Consists of a shaft with a knob at each end, thick-walled, filled with yellow marrow.

What kind of joint is the shoulder joint?

Ball and socket joint.

What two factors are important for movable joints?

Strong ligaments and well-lubricated surfaces.

What happens to organic matter in bones when heated?

It is destroyed, leaving only the brittle mineral part.

What are the key characteristics of skeletal muscle?

Long bundles of contractile tissue that are under voluntary control.

How do joints contribute to movement?

They allow different degrees of movement between connected bones.

The skeletal system consists of __________ bones in an adult human skeleton.

206

The __________ is the part of the skeleton that supports the head and protects the brain.

skull

_____________ joints allow for movement in one direction, such as the elbow.

Hinge

The ___________ joint allows for rotation, such as the joint between the atlas and axis vertebrae.

Pivot

The __________ of a long bone is the hollow part that contains marrow.

medullary cavity

Tendons connect __________ to bones.

muscles

The ___________ girdle supports the upper limbs in the human skeleton.

pectoral

The rib cage includes the __________ and the ribs, providing protection to the heart and lungs.

sternum

_____________ muscle tissue is under voluntary control and is responsible for movement.

Skeletal

___________ is a semi-solid connective tissue that cushions joints and provides support.

Cartilage