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Solid
Particles are uniform in arrangement, close together, vibrating on the spot, strong bonds, fixed shape and volume
Liquid
Particles are not uniform in arrangement, small gaps between particles, little Kinetic energy, weaker bonds, no fixed shape, fixed volume
Gas
Particles are not uniform in arrangement, lots of space between particles, lots of Kinetic energy, weakest bonds, no fixed shape, no fixed volume
Particle Model
The model we use to show the arrangement and energy of particles and to explain properties of states of matter
Density
Mass/Volume
Volume
The amount of space an object occupies.
Conservation of mass
No mass is gained or lost during a change of state
Melting
Solid to liquid
Freezing
Liquid to solid
Boiling
Liquid to gas at boiling point
Evaporation
liquid to gas below boiling point
Condensing
gas to liquid
Sublimating
solid to gas
Potential Energy
the energy the particles have when far apart from each other
Internal Energy
The total kinetic and potential energy the particles have in a system
Specific heat capacity
The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 Kg of a substance by 1 C
Latent heat
The amount of energy needed to change the state of 1Kg of a substance
Specific Latent heat of fusion
The amount of energy needed to change the state of 1Kg of a substance from a solid to a liquid
Specific latent heat of vaporisation
The amount of energy needed to change the state of 1Kg of a substance from a liquid to a gas
Gas pressure
The force of gas particles colliding with the walls of its container
Methods to increase gas pressure
Compress or heat to increase force and number of collisions
Methods to decrease gas pressure
Expand or cool to decrease force and number of collisions
Heating graph
