Med terms Chapter 2

What is the human body composed of?

The human body is composed of cells, tissues, organs, and systems

Cytology

The study of cells and their functions

The major body structural levels from smallest to largest are:

cell, tissue, organ, system, body

Cell membrane

The outer part of the cell

Cytoplasm

The inner part of the cell

Nucleus

Contains the DNA

What is the fundamental unit of all living things?

The cell

Histology

The study of tissues

What are the four types of tissues found in the human body?

Muscular, epithelial, connective, and nervous

What does the muscular tissue consist of?

Cardiac muscle, muscle fibers, skeletal muscle, smooth muscle

Epithelial tissue

Is found throughout the body and is composed of closed, packed cells that form the covering for and lining of body structures

Connective tissue

The supporting and protecting tissue in body structures

Nervous tissue

Made up of cells called neurons

Anatomical position

Used when describing the positions and relationships of structures in the human body

Sagittal plane/Median plane

This vertical plane runs lengthwise from front to back and divides the body into right and left portions

Frontal plane/ Coronal plane

Divides the body into the front and back portions

Transverse plane/ Horizontal plane

A crosswise plane that divides the body into upper and lower portions

Superior/Cephalic

Towards the head

Inferior/Caudal

Towards the feet

Medial

Refers to the middle

Lateral

Refers to the side

Proximal

Located nearer to the point of attachment to the body

Distal

Located further away from the point of attachment to the body

Anterior/Dorsal

More towards the front

Posterior/Ventral

More towards the back

Supine

Body is lying horizontally and facing upward

Prone

Body is lying horizontally and facing downward

Apex

Tip or summit of an organ

Base

Bottom or lower part of an organ

Superficial

More toward the surface of the body

Deep

Further away from the surface of the body

Pathology

The study of the disease

Cephalic

Head

Cervical

Neck

Thoracic

Chest

Brachial

Arm

Abdominal

Abdomen

Pelvic

Pelvis

Pubic

Genital

Crural

Leg

Trunk

Contains all body regions other than head, neck, and extremities, also called torso

Dorsum

Back

Vertebral

Spine

Gluteal

Butt

How many major cavities divide the body?

Four

What do the cavities consist of?

Two dorsal and two ventral cavities

What does the dorsal cavity consist of

Cranial and spinal cavities

What does the ventral cavity consist of?

Thoracic, diaphragm, abdominal and pelvic cavities

How many anatomical divisions of the abdomen are there?

Nine

Organs are formed from:

Tissues

What is NOT a type of connective tissue?

Skin

The membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity is called the:

Peritoneum

What organs are found in the RUQ?

Liver (majority)

Right kidney

Pancreas (small portion)

Gall bladder

Small intestine

What organs are found in the LUQ?

Liver (small portion)

Spleen

Left kidney

Stomach

Colon

Pancreas (majority)

Small intestine

What organs are found in the RLQ?

Colon

Small intestine

Right ureter

Appendix

Right ovary

Right fallopian tube

What organs are found in the LLQ?

Colon

Small intestine

Left ureter

Left ovary

Left fallopian tube

Right hypochondriac

Right lateral region of upper row beneath the lower ribs

Epigastric

Middle area of upper row above the stomach

Left hypochondriac

Left lateral region of the upper row beneath the lower ribs

Right lumbar

Right lateral region of the middle row at the waist

Umbilical

Central area over the navel

Left lumbar

Left lateral region of the middle row at the waist

Right inguinal

Right lateral region of the lower row at the groin

Hypogastric

Middle region of the lower row beneath the navel

Left inguinal

Left lateral region of the lower row at the groin