Bone Physiology and Exercise for Bone Health

Osteoclasts

Cells that dissolve bone tissue.

Osteoblasts

Cells responsible for forming new bone.

Osteocytes

Mature bone cells that communicate.

Cortical Bone

Compact bone with few canals.

Trabecular Bone

Honeycomb structure, high metabolic function.

Bone Mineral Density

Measurement of mineral content in bone.

Bone Remodeling

Process of bone growth and repair.

Calcium Homeostasis

Regulation of calcium levels in the body.

Hypocalcemia

Low calcium levels causing muscle and brain issues.

Hypercalcemia

High calcium levels leading to kidney and bone problems.

PTH

Hormone that increases blood calcium levels.

Vitamin D

Hormone that aids calcium absorption.

Calcitonin

Hormone that inhibits bone resorption.

Bone Remodeling Unit

Basic unit for bone remodeling processes.

Wolff's Law

Bone adapts to applied load.

Tetany

Sustained muscle contractions due to low calcium.

Bone Structure Functions

Support, protection, movement, and mineral storage.

Bone Strength Factors

Mass, architecture, geometry, and size.

Bone Health Exercise

Exercise benefits bone across all ages.

Bone Perfusion

Blood flow within bone tissue.

Skeletal Sites

Different bones have varying trabecular percentages.

Calcium Regulation Importance

Essential for metabolic functions and bone health.

BMU

Basic multicellular unit in bone remodeling.

Estrogen Role

Inhibits osteoclast activity, preserving bone.

Glucocorticoids

Hormones detrimental to bone and muscle.

Ground Reaction Force

Force exerted by the ground during movement.

Joint Reaction Force

Force at joints during physical activity.

Calcium Sources

Bone stores most calcium in the body.

Mineral Storage

Bones store minerals and ions for body.

Bone Innervation

Nerves present in bone for metabolic activity.

Exercise Prescription (ExRx)

Guidelines for exercise tailored to age.

Safety Issues in OP

Considerations for exercising with osteoporosis.

Metabolic Function Priority

Body prioritizes calcium for metabolism over bone.

Calciotropic Hormones

Hormones that regulate calcium levels.

Bone Architecture Quality

Refers to the structural integrity of bone.