physics mirrors and lenses

plane mirror type

neither converging or diverging

plane mirror di

di=-do

plane mirror image type

virtual

plane mirror image size

same

plane mirror image orientation

upright

concave mirror type

converging

concave mirror when do>r di

f<di<2f

concave mirror do>r image type

real

concave mirror do>r image size

smaller

concave mirror do>r orientation

inverted

concave mirror r>do>f di

di>2f

concave mirror r>do>f image type

real

concave mirror r>do>f image size

larger

concave mirror r>do>f orentation

inverted

concave mirror f>do di

negative

concave mirror f>do type

virtual

concave mirror f>do size

larger

concave mirror f>do orientation

upright

convex mirror type

diverging

convex mirror focal length

negative

convex mirror di

negative

convex mirror image type

virtual

convex mirror image size

reduced

convex mirror orientation

upright

convex lens type

both

convex lens focal length

positive

convex lens do>2f di

positive

convex lens do>2f image type

real

convex lens do>2f size

reduced

convex lens do>2f orientation

inverted

convex lens 2f>do>f di

positive

convex lens 2f>do>f image type

real

convex lens 2f>do>f image size

enlarged

convex lens 2f>do>f image orientation

inverted

convex lens f>do di

negative

convex lens f>do image type

virtual

convex lens f>do image size

enlarged

convex lens f>do image orientation

upright

concave lens type

diverging

concave lens focal length

negative

concave lens di

negative

concave lens image type

virtual

concave lens size

reduced

concave lens orientation

upright

inverted images are (real/ virtual)

real

upright images are (real/virtual)

virtual

image distance is negative when the image is (real/virtual)

virtual

image height is negative when the image is (upright&virtual/inverted&real)

inverted and real

when are images inverted

when light rays converge

virtual images are created by (diverging/converging light)

diverging light

where are c and f in a convex mirror

inside the mirror

refraction

change in light ray’s path due to a change in medium

snells law

n1sin=n2sin

light bends towards the “normal” when

n1<n2

fast medium to slow medium

degree1>degree2

light bends away from the normal when…

n1>n2

slow to fast

degree2>degree1

total internal reflection

light ray bends so much it stays with the original medium

TIR requirements

medium has to move from slow to fast- angle goes away from the normal

mirage

an optical illusion caused by the refraction of light

air is less dense near the ground (speed of light greater)

light bends upwards

apparent depth

object appears to be closer to the waters surface because the angle of refection is closer to the normal

displaced light

light ray changes its apparent position after passing through a medium

if the medium had parallel surfaces the light ray exists parallel to its original path- laterally displaced

the amount of displacement for displace light depends on

thickness of medium, angle of incidence, refraction index

converging lenses

rays parallel to the principle axis converge on the focal point

(convex)

diverging lenses

rays parallel to the principle axis refract away from the focal point

(concave)

dispersion

the spreading out of refracted light according to color

what colors have a higher index of refraction

blues

rainbows

when sunlight enters a raindrop, it is separated into its red and violet parts by dispersion.

• light reflects from back of raindrop and refracts, dispersing again as it leaves

plane mirror application

rearview, drivers side, periscope

convex mirror application

passenger side mirror, parking ramps

concave mirror application

makeup mirror

convex lens application

magnifying glass, cameras

myopic

near sighted

light needs to diverge, uses concave lenses

hyperopia

farsighted, need to converge light

convex

specular surface

smooth

diffuse surface

rough

air index of refraction

1