Biochemistry PACOP Pink

l

In 780 A.D., he described about 600 plants with medicinal properties in his book "De Materia Medica".
A. Galen
B. Dioscorides
C. Seydler
D. Fluckiger

B

C.A. Seydler was long thought to be the first person to introduce the term Pharmacognosy. However,
recent historical research reveals earlier usage of this term in a book entitled Lehrbuch der Materia
medica, which describes the study of medicinal plants and their properties. Who wrote Lehrbuch der
Materia medica?
A. Pedanios Dioscorides
B. Paracelcus
C. J.A Schmidt
D. Galen

C

Papyrus Ebers, a document written in 1550 B.C. was found in the tomb of a mummy, it contained
medicinal uses of plants and animals. Which ancient civilization wrote Papyrus Ebers?
A. Babylonian
B. Lydian
C. Egyptian
D. Greek

C

These are vegetables or animal drugs that consist of natural substances that have undergone only the
processes of collection and drying.
A. Natural Substances
B. Crude Drugs
C. Extractives
D. Derivatives

B

What do you call plants growing in their native countries?
A. Indigenous
B. Naturalized
C. Cultivated
D. Local

A

This is the final step in the preparation of drugs for the commercial market, consisting of the removal of
extraneous matter.
A. Packaging
B. Preservation
C. Garbling
D. Harvesting

C

Natural relationship existing among plants and among animals.
A. Taxonomy
B. Morphology
C. Phylogeny
D. Classification

C

In the preservation of crude drugs, this method is the simplest in preventing insect, attacks and other form
of destruction.
A. Exposure of the drugs to a temperature of 65°C
B. Use of methyl bromide
C. Adding a few drops of chloroform

A

This refers to the evaluation by means of the sense organs and includes the macroscopic appearance of
the drug, odor, taste, sound upon fracture and feel to the touch.
A. Physical Analysis
B. Chemical Analysis
C. Proximate Analysis
D. Organoleptic Analysis

D

The first commercial application of the technique in Pharmacognosy was made by Eli Lilly Company.
Using the non-disease producing strain of E. coli, this company produced the hormone __________.
A. Glucagon
B. Somatostatin
C. Insulin
D. Somatomedin

C

Which of the following may influence the secondary constituents of plant drugs?
A. Genetic Composition
B. Ontogeny
C. Environment
D. All of the above
E. Only A and B

D

These are products of natural origin many which without therapeutic effect used by the laity in the self-
treatment diseases.
A. Health foods
B. Crude drugs
C. Extracts
D. All of the above

A

Which of the following statement is/are true?
I. Gums and mucilages are carbohydrates
II. Streptomycin is a carbohydrates
III. The concentration of secondary metabolites increases with age
IV. Biogenesis refers to the study of biochemical pathways leading to the formation of secondary
constituents used as drugs.
A) III only
B) II and II
C) I, II and III
D) I, II and IV
E) I, II and IV

E

Which of the following pairs are correct?
A) Reserpine-hypotensive
B) Sambong-stomachic
C) Bayabas-Diuretic
D) Lagundi- Analgesic

A

Which of the following statement is correct?
A) Synthetic Camphor is levorotatory
B) Natural Camphor is dextrorotatory
C) Both natural and semisynthetic camphor are racemic
D) A and B only
E) A and C only

B

Give the proper sequences of the following processes in the preparation of natural drugs.
I. Garbling
II. Collection
III. Drying
IV. Harvesting
V. Packaging
A. III-I-IV-II-V
B. II-IV-III-I-V
C. II-I-IV-V-III
D. IV-I-III-V-II

B

This classification of drugs considers the natural relationship or phylogeny among plants and
animals.
A) Taxonomic
B) Morphologic
C) Zoologic
D) A and B only
E) A and C only

E

The source of bassorin
A) Acacia
B) Karaya
C) Indian gum
D) Tragacanth

D

Mannitol is used pharmacologically as a/an
A) Humectant
B) Osmotic diuretic
C) Anti-infective
D) Urologic irritant

B

Which of the following is/are homoglycan(s)?
A) Starch
B) Inulin
C) Gums
D) All of the above
E) A and B only

E

The milk left after separation of the cream
A) Cheese
B) Condensed milk
C) Skimmed milk
D) Butter milk

C

Fermentation product from molasses.
A) Wine
B) Whiskey
C) Rum
D) Brandy

C

It is also known as the carob pulp or St. John's Bread
A) Locust Bean
B) Xanthan
C) Guar
D) Acacia

A

It tastes approximately half as sweet as sucrose and has humectant properties which make it useful
ingredients in toothpastes, chewing gums, and dietetic products.
A) Mannitol
B) Fructose
C) Dulcitol
D) Sorbitol

D

A pharmaceutic aid in the preparation of collodion and flexible collodion.
A) Methylcellulose phthalate
B) Soluble guncotton
C) Powdered cellulose
D) Cellulose acetate

B

Gum usually used as a substitute for acacia.
A) Ghatti
B) Tragacanth
C) Karaya
D) Algin

A

It is also referred to as Japanese Isinglas, and is extensively used as a gel in bacteriologic culture
media.
A) Carrageenan
B) Agar
C) Chondrus
D) Cydonum

B

Powdered cellulose is the purified, mechanically disintegrated cellulose used as a self-binding tablet
diluent and disintegrating agent. Which of the following statements regarding powdered cellulose is
correct?
A) The purity of cellulose is defined by its solubility in hydrochloric acid.
B) The cellulose remaining insoluble is termed alpha-cellulose.
C) The greater the quantity of alpha-cellulose present, the higher the quality of the material.
D) A and B only
E) B and C only

E

The most important monosaccharides found in plants.
A) Hexoses
B) Pentoses
C) Heptoses
D) Octoses

A

Which of the following is a source of sucrose?
A) Acer saccharum
B) Bos Taurus
C) Prunus cerasus
D) Sorbus aucuparia

A

Which of the following statement is true?
A) Dextrose is alpha-(L)-glucopyranose.
B) Dextrose is obtained from controlled enzymatic hydrolysis of starch.
C) Dextrose can only be given PO and IV
D) All of the above

B

This is a product obtained from the incomplete hydrolysis of starch. It is a colorless or
yellowish, thick syrupy liquid that is nearly odorless and tastes sweet.
A) Liquid dextrose
B) Liquid sucrose
C) Liquid dextrin
D) Liquid glucose

D

Which of the following pairs are correct?
A) Ferrous gluconate- hematinic
B) Xylose- laxative
C) Lactulose- diagnostic aid
D) Both A and C
E) All of the above

A

Which of the following statement refers to fructose?
A) From Honey
B) Obtained from the inversion of aqueous solutions of sucrose
C) Upon hydrolysis, sucrose yields a higher fructose than dextrose content
D) A and B only
E) B and C only

D

In milk processing, the liquid separated from the coagulum is known as
A) Condensed milk
B) Butter
C) Buttermilk
D) Whey

D

This is a pentose also known as wood sugar, which is obtained by boiling corn cobs, straw, or similar
materials with dilute acid to hydrolyze the polymer.
A) Ribose
B) Xylose
C) Erythose
D) Trehalose

B

Which of the following statement concerning lactulose is true?
A) Natural sugar prepared by acidic rearrangement of lactose
B) Trisaccharide
C) Well absorbed
D) Bacteria in the color metabolized it to acetic and lactic acid

D

Xylose is used as a/an
A) Diuretic
B) Pharmaceutic exciptient
C) Binder
D) Diagnostic Aid

D

In glycolysis, what enzymes is involved in the conversion of 3 phosphoglyceraldehyde to 1,3- Diphosphoglyceric acid?
A) Kinase
B) Aldolase
C) Dehydrogenase
D) Isomerase

C

Aside from thiamine pyrophosphate, what coenzyme/cofactor aids in the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvic acid with pyruvic acid dehydrogenase?
A) NAD
B) Lipoic acid
C) FAD
D) Mg2+

D

Glucose-6-PO4 is converted to ________ upon the action of phosphohexose isomerase.
A) Glucose-1-phosphate
B) Fructose-6-Phosphate
C) Fructose-1,6-Diphosphate
D) Dihydroxyacetone phosphate

B

Pyruvic acid, upon the action of pyruvic acid decarboxylase yields ________.
A) Ethanol
B) Lactic Acid
C) Methnol
D) Acetaldehyde

D

Alcohol dehydrogenase acts on acetaldehyde to yield ___________.
A) Lactic Acid
B) Pyruvic Acid
C) Ethanol
D) All of the above

C

Which tricarboxylic acid was first isolated by Scheele in 1784?
A) Citric acid
B) Tartaric acid
C) Lactic acid
D) Fumaric acid

A

This acid is a byproduct of wine industry.
A) Citric acid
B) Tartaric acid
C) Lactic acid
D)Fumaric acid

B

This acid is used as an acidulant especially in feeding formulas.
A) Citric acid
B) Tartaric acid
C) Lactic Acid
D) Fumaric acid

C

Which of the following may be produced from the process of distillation?
A) Whiskey
B) Rum
C) Brandy
D) All of the above
E) Only B and C

D

Which of the following statement is true?
A) Wine is sometimes used medically as a mild stimulant and tonic.
B) Brandy is used as CNS stimulant
C) Whiskey is used as CNS stimulant
D) All of the above

A

Which of the following is obtained from Fraxious ornus L. (Fam. Oleaceae), and is used for its laxative
properties?
A) Gluciol
B) Mannitol
C) Sorbitol
D) Lactulose

B

What is the usual diagnostic dose of mannitol injection?
A) 200mg/kg body weight in a 15-25% solution IV in 3-5 minutes
B) 50-100g daily in a 5-25% solution by IV infusion
C) 200g/kg body weight in a 15-25% solution in 3-5 minutes.
D) 50-100kg daily in a 5-25% solution by IV infusion

A

Which of the following statements pertains to SORBITOL?
I. A hexitol from the ripe berries of the mountaion ash. Sorbus aucuparia L. (Fam.
Rosaceae)
II. Twice as sweet as sucrose
III. Used in toothpastes and chewing gums because of its humectant property
A) III only
B) I only
C) I-III
D) I and III

D

Which of the following statement is true regarding STARCH?
I. α-amylase is an enzyme present in pancreatic juice and saliva
II. β-amylase hydrolyzes amylase to nearly pure maltose
III. Amylase reacts with iodine to form a deep blue complex
A) III only
B) I only
C) I-III
D) I and III

A

What do you call the tacky proteins removed from corn and wheat in the preparation of starch?
A) Glutens
B) Hetastarch
C) Embryo
D) Germ

A

This refers to starch that has been mechanically or chemically processed to rupture all or part of the
granules in the presence of water.
A) Sodium starch glycolate
B) Hetastarch
C) Pregelatinized starch
D) All of the above

C

At what % does pregelatinized serves as a plasma expander?
A) 10%
B) 20%
C) 3%
D) 6%

D

What is the use of sodium starch glycolate?
A) Disintegrating agent in tablet formation
B) Plasma Expander
C) Binder
D) Thickener

A

This is formed from sucrose by the action of a transglucoslose enzyme system present in
Leuconostoc mesenteloids.
A) Dextran
B) Dextrin
C) Insulin
D) Guar gum

A

This is an example of a microbial gum.
A) Pectin
B) Guar gum
C) Acacia
D) Dextran

D

This is responsible for the swelling property of tragacanth.
A) Bassorin
B) Tragacanthin
C) Arabin
D) Galacturonic acid

A

Which of the following statement is correct?
A) Pectin-cellulose derivatives
B) Karaya-microbial gum
C) Algine-marine gum
D) Acacia- Seed gum

C

Which of the following is a seed gum?
A) Algin
B) Guar
C) Pectin
D) Karaya

B

It is the gummy exudates from Sterculia urens and it consists of an acetylated
heteropolysaccaride with a high component of galacturonic acid and glucuronic acid residues.
A) Karaya gum
B) Algin
C) Acacia
D) Xanthan

A

This is a high molecular weight gum with pseudoplastic properties, which enable it to be used in
toothpastes and oinments.
A) Guar
B) Dextran
C) Karaya
D) Xanthan

D

Which of the following is a microbial gum?
A) Dextrin
B) Xanthan
C) Acacia
D) Guar

B

This is a dried, hydrophilic, colloidal substance extracted from Gelliium Cartilagineum and
Gracilaria confervoides.
A) Agar
B) Algin
C) Carrageenan
D) Karaya

A

This is a term referring to closely related hydrocolloids that are obtained from varios red algae or sea
weeds.
A) Agar
B) Algin
C) Carrageenan
D) Karaya

C

Carrageenans can be separated into several components. Which of the following types of carrageenan is non-gelling and is more useful as a thickener.
A) Kappa
B) Lambda
C) Inu
D) Iota

B

Which of the following is obtained from Furcellaria fastigiata, a red algae?
A) Agar
B) Irish moss
C) Danish Agar
D) Japanese Isinglas

C

This hydrocolloid is a galactomannan obtained from the powdered endosperm of the seed of Cyamposis tetragonolobus.
A) Guar
B) Locust Bean
C) Psyllium
D) All of the above

A

This is used as a chocolate substitute.
A) Guar
B) Locust bean
C) Psyllium
D) All of the above

B

What is the only form of glycoside that occur in plants?
A) Alpha
B) Beta
C) Gamma
D) Sigma

B

Which drug has reduced forms of emodin-type glycosides in its fresh bark?
A) Rhubarb
B) Danthron
C) Casara sagrada
D) Aloe

C

What is used to treat cascara sagrada extract to reduce its bitter taste?
A) Magnesium oxide
B) Calcium carbonate
C) Simple Syrup
D) Talc

A

What is the principal anthraxquinone glycoside contained in Alor barbadensis?
A) Chrysophanic acid
B) Anthromol
C) Barbaloin
D) Emodin

C

Which glycosidic drug is cultivated on lands resembling rice paddies?
A) Rheum
B) Senna
C) Chrysazin
D) Frangula

B

What chemical is used to extract 50 to 70% yield chrysarobin form Goa poweder?
A) Chloroform
B) Hot benzene
C) Cooled Ethyl Alcohol
D) Petroleum Ether

B

Which antraquinone glycoside is not employed as cathartic?
A) Chrysazin
B) Rheum
C) Buckthorn bark
D) Chrysarobin

D

What type of saponin glycosides are derivatives of steroids with spiroketal side chains?
A) Acid saponins
B) Alkaline saponins
C) Neutral saponins
D) None of the above

C

Which health problem may aggravated by increased consumption of large quantities of licorice?
A) Peptic ulcer
B) Hypertension
C) Hyperthyroidism
D) Addison's Disease

B

What amygdalin-containing preparation have anticancer claims?
A) Vitamin P
B) Vitamin B17
C) Vitamin B9
D) Linoleic Acid

B

What enzyme effects the hydrolysis of sinigrin?
A) Myrosin
B) Emulsin
C) Rutin
D) Prunase

A

What is the pungnent-tasting oil that is produced by the hydrolysis of Sanapis alba?
A) Sinalbin
B) Mustard oil
C) Acrinyl Isothiocyanate
D) Allyl isothiocyanate

C

What is the alcohol produced by the hydrolysis of Salicin by emulsion?
A) Salicylin
B) Populin
C) Benzoyl salicin
D) Saligenin

D

Which of the following is TRUE about uva-ursi?
A) Available in the form of herbal teas.
B) Diuretic
C) Weak urinary antiseptic
D) All of the above
E) A and B only

D

Which of the following statement is true?
A) Sennoside and cascara sagrada are equally potent.
B) Sennoside is a more potent laxative than cascara sagrada.
C) Sennoside is a less potent laxative than cascara sagrada.

B

Which of the following statement is/are true about castor oil?
A) Castor oil should not be used by pregnant women.
B) It works primarily in the large intestine.
C) Dehydration is not a problem with the use of castor oil.
D) All of the above
E) Only A and B

A

What insoluble red-colored products are produced by the polymerization of tannins?
A) Catechin
B) Leucocyanidin
C) Carotenophenes
D) Phlophabenes

C

What color is produced by tannins with potassium ferricyanide and ammonia?
A) Dark blue
B) Greenish Black
C) Deep red
D) Yellow

C

What insect produces the excrescence Nutgall?
A) Quercus infectoria
B) Cantharis vesicatoria
C) Cynips tinctoria
D) Rhus chinesis

C

What is a mixture of esters of gallic acid with glucose?
A) Gallotannic acid
B) Ellagic acid
C) Chinese gall
D) White Gall

A

Which of the following is/are characteristic/s of hydrolysable tannins?
A) Consist of gallic acid or related polyhydric compounds esterified with glucose
B) Most of the result from the condensation of 2 or more flavan-3-ols or flavan 3,4-diols
C) Forms phlobaphenes
D) All of the above

A

What is the principal constituent of Nutgall?
A) Gallic acid
B) Ellagic acid
C) Resin
D) Tannic acid

D

Tannic acid is used mainly as a/an.
A) Astrigent
B) Humectant
C) Plasma expander
D) Deodorizer

A

This drug, consisting of dried insects, is widely known as an aphrodisiac.
A) Psoralen
B) Cantharides
C) Tannic Acids
D) Uva ursi

B

Which of the following is photosensitizing furocoumarin?
A) Psoralen
B) Cantharides
C) Tannic acids
D) Uva ursi

A

Skimmin, aesculin and coumarin belong to what type of glycosides?
A) Saponin
B) Anthraquinone
C) Lactone
D) Cyanogenic

C

Which of the following is a source of phenol glycosides?
A) Uva-ursi
B) Coumarin
C) Cantharides
D) Hamammelitanin

A

These are complex substances, usually mixtures of polyphenols, which are difficult to separate
because they do not crystallize. At present, chromatographic analysis has enabled researchers to study
them.
A) Steroids
B) Glycosides
C) Tannins
D) Alkanoids

C

Which of the following is/are phenolic glycoside?
A) Arbutin
B) Hesperidin
C) Phloridzin
D) All of the above

D

Which of the following is a degradation product of penicillin-type antibiotics?
A) Heparin
B) Protamine Sulfate
C) Penicillamine
D) Microfibrilar collagen

C