The process of adopting cultural traits or social patterns of another group.
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adaptive strategy
Methods used by societies to adapt to their environment.
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assimilation
The process of absorbing one cultural group into another.
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barrio
A Spanish-speaking urban neighborhood.
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chain migration
Migration patterns where individuals follow others from their community.
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cultural adaptation
Adjusting to and integrating with a new cultural environment.
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cultural shatter belt
Region where cultural conflicts lead to fragmentation.
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ethnic cleansing
Forced removal or killing of an ethnic group.
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ethnic conflict
Disputes between ethnic groups, often over resources or territory.
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ethnic enclave
A small area with a high concentration of one ethnic group.
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ethnic group
People who share a common cultural, linguistic, or ancestral heritage.
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ethnic regions
Areas dominated by a particular ethnic group.
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ethnic homeland
An ethnic group's place of origin or historical territory.
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ethnic landscape
Visible evidence of an ethnic group's presence in an area.
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ethnic neighborhood
A localized area where an ethnic group resides.
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ethnicity
Identity based on shared culture, language, or heritage.
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ethnocenter
A place central to an ethnic group's culture.
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ghetto
An area where a minority group is concentrated, often due to social or economic pressures.
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plural society
A society with multiple distinct ethnic or cultural groups.
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race
A group sharing physical characteristics, often socially constructed.
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racism
Belief in the superiority of one race over another.
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segregation
Separation of groups based on race or ethnicity.
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social distance
The perceived or desired level of separation between groups.
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distribution of ethnicities
Geographic spread of ethnic groups.
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sequent occupancy
Successive cultural groups leaving their mark on a landscape.
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ethnic exclaves and enclaves
Exclave: Ethnic group outside their main territory; Enclave: Ethnic group surrounded by another culture.
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culture
Shared practices, values, and beliefs of a group.
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cultural core/periphery pattern
Core areas dominate cultural influence; periphery areas are influenced by the core.
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cultural ecology
Study of interactions between culture and the environment.
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cultural identity
Sense of belonging to a cultural group.
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cultural landscape
The visible imprint of human activity on the environment.
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cultural realm
A large area influenced by shared cultural traits.
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Cultural Region
Area where a specific culture prevails.
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self awareness
The ability to recognize and understand one's own thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.
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cultural integration
Blending of cultures into a unified whole.
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Core
Most intense cultural area.
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Periphery
Less influence.
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Domain
Middle ground.
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sequent occupance
Layers of cultural imprints over time in a place.
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cultural traits
Specific practices or features of a culture.
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Syncretism
Blending of different cultural elements.
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cultural complex
Interconnected cultural traits.
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Diffusion Types
Expansion: Spread from a central place; Hierarchical: Through influential people/places; Contagion: Widespread, like a wave; Stimulus: Adapting a concept; Relocation: Physical movement of people bringing culture.
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innovation adoption
Uptake of new ideas or technologies.
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maladaptive diffusion
Spread of ideas that are unsuitable for the environment.
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cultural transition zones
Areas where cultures meet and blend.
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cultural convergences
Similar cultures blending due to globalization.
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adaptive stratified
Refers to systems or methods designed to adjust and function effectively by organizing into layers or levels based on specific criteria or needs.
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anglo american landscape
Features reflecting British-American culture.
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Characteristics
Features or qualities that define or distinguish something.
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architectural form
Design reflecting cultural and environmental influences.
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built environment
Human-made surroundings.
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folk culture
Traditional practices of a small group.
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folk food
Traditional cuisine of a culture.
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folk house
Housing styles reflecting local culture and materials.
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Folklore
Oral traditions of a culture.
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material culture
Physical objects of a culture.
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nonmaterial culture
Beliefs, traditions, and practices of a culture.
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popular culture
Widespread cultural elements in society.
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survey system
Land measurement and division methods.
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traditional architecture
Structures built with historical methods.
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sense of place
Emotional attachment to a location.
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cultural hearth
Origin point of cultural traits.
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role of diffusion and globalizations and popular culture
Spread of culture globally, often impacting diversity.
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impact on natural resources
Popular culture and globalization often increase resource exploitation.
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Creole
A stable, fully developed language formed from a mixture of different languages.
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Dialect
A regional or social variety of a language, differing in pronunciation, grammar, or vocabulary.
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Indo-European languages
A large family of languages originating in Europe and Asia, including English, Hindi, and Spanish.
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Isogloss
A boundary line separating areas with different linguistic features.
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Language
A system of communication using sounds, symbols, or gestures.
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Language family
A group of languages with a shared, distant origin.
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Language group
A subset of a language family with closely related languages.
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Language subfamily
A smaller branch within a language family, often defined by closer linguistic ties.
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Lingua franca
A common language used for communication between speakers of different native languages.
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Linguistic diversity
The variety of languages spoken in a specific area or globally.
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Mono-/Multilingual
Speaking one language (monolingual) or multiple languages (multilingual).
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Official language
A language given legal status for government and official use.
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Pidgin
A simplified language combining elements of different languages for basic communication.
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Toponymy
The study of place names and their origins.
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Trade language
A simplified language used for commerce between speakers of different native languages.
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Distribution of language
The geographic spread and usage of a language.
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Isolation/Interaction on languages
Isolation creates linguistic divergence, while interaction fosters convergence.
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Franglais, Spanglish, Chinglish
Blends of French, Spanish, or Chinese with English.
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Extinct languages
Languages no longer spoken or used in daily life.
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Linguistic cultural landscapes
How language reflects cultural identity in a physical area.
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Dowry Death
The death of a woman due to disputes over her dowry in marriage.
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Enfranchisement
The granting of rights, especially the right to vote.
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Gender
Social and cultural roles, behaviors, and attributes associated with being male or female.
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Gender Gap
Differences in opportunities, status, or treatment between men and women.
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Infanticide
The intentional killing of infants.
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Longevity Gap
The difference in life expectancy between men and women.
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Maternal Mortality Rate
The number of deaths of women during pregnancy or childbirth per 100,000 live births.
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Cultural Landscape
Boundaries of a region reflect the human imprint of the environment (built environment is another way to characterize it).
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Sequent occupance
Each group that occupies and dominates an environment leaves its imprints.
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Cultural landscape examples
National parks (United States): land set aside from development reflects the desire to preserve unique environments.
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Signage (Quebec)
Bilingual signs in French and English reflect the desire of French Canadians to retain their heritage.
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Schools (Pakistan)
Gender-segregated schools reflect attitudes toward male and female roles.
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Office buildings (Shanghai)
Massive skyscrapers reflect economic power and a desire to have businesses in a well-known central location.
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Folk culture
Traditionally practiced primarily by small, homogenous groups living in isolated rural areas.
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Pop culture
Found in large, heterogeneous societies that share certain habits despite differences in other personal characteristics.
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