Unit 1 Pt. 2

Productive capacity

the total value of goods and services that can be produced when the economy works at full ability

Trade network

a system of people in different lands who trade goods back and forth

Fragmented

describes something that is broken into pieces

Efficiency

using resources in such a way as to maximize the production of goods and services

State formation

The historical development of a state, often marked by major stages, key events, or turning points

Claim/Argument

statement or assertion that something is the case, typically without providing evidence or proof.

Counterclaim

a position taken by someone with an opposing viewpoint

Scope

he extent of the area or subject matter that something deals with or to which it is relevant.

Justify

show or prove to be right or reasonable

Sufism

An Islamic mystical tradition that desired a personal union with God--divine love through intuition rather than through rational deduction and study of the shari'a. A syncretic religion the combines elements of Hinduism into the core religion of Islam.

Seljuk Empire

Middle East, 11th-12th centuries
-Turkic empire ruled by sultans in Persia and modern-day Iraq
-Established Turks as major ethnic group carrying Islam across Eurasia, along with Arabs and Persians
-Demonstrated weakness of Abbasid caliphate in its later years; sultans held real power in the empire
-Helped to spread the influence of Islam throughout the region

Delhi Sultanate

The first Islamic government established within India from 1206-1520. Controlled a small area of northern India and was centered in Delhi.

Abbasid Caliphate

(750-1258 CE) The caliphate, after the Umayyads, who focused more on administration than conquering. Had a bureaucracy that any Muslim could be a part of.

House of Wisdom (Abbasid)

An academic center for research and translation of foreign texts that was established in Baghdad in 830 C.E. by the Abbasid caliph al-Mamun.

Srivijaya Empire

A maritime empire that grew wealthy by taxing trade, included strait of Malacca between India and China. Became a great center of Buddhist learning

Khmer Empire

The most powerful and longest-lasting kingdom on the mainland of southwest Asia, centering in what is today Cambodia.

Maya

Mesoamerican civilization concentrated in Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula and in Guatemala and Honduras but never unified into a single empire. Major contributions were in mathematics, astronomy, and development of the calendar.

Mexica

The name given to themselves by the Aztec people

Inca

Largest and most powerful Andean empire. Controlled the Pacific coast of South America from Ecuador to Chile from its capital of Cuzco.

Mali

Empire created by indigenous Muslims in western Sudan of West Africa from the thirteenth to fifteenth century. It was famous for its role in the trans-Saharan gold trade.

Timbuktu

City on the Niger River in the modern country of Mali. It was founded by the Tuareg as a seasonal camp sometime after 1000. As part of the Mali empire, Timbuktu became a major major terminus of the trans-Saharan trade and a center of Islamic learning.

Axum (Ethiopia)

Christian trading kingdom in east Africa

Feudalism

the dominant social system in medieval Europe, in which the nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service, and vassals were in turn tenants of the nobles, while the peasants (villeins or serfs) were obliged to live on their lord's land and give him homage (honor), labor, and a share of the produce, typically in exchange for military protection.

Peasant

a member of a class of persons who are small farmers or farm laborers of low social rank

artisan

A skilled craftsperson

Serfdom

A type of labor commonly used in feudal systems in which the laborers work the land in return for protection but they are bound to the land and are not allowed to leave or to peruse their a new occupation. This was common in early Medeival Europe as well as in Russia until the mid 19th century.