Exercise 5: Osmosis and Diffusion

Active Process

substances cross the membrane with cellular energy (ATP) from area of lower concentration to higher concentration

Passive Process

substances cross the membrane without ATP due to kinetic energy moving substances from area of higher concentration to lower concentration

Diffusion

the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

concentration gradient

indicates net difference in the concentration of molecules from inside cell (intracellular) to outside cell (extracellular)

osmosis

Diffusion of solvent through a selectively permeable membrane

Hypotonic

Higher water concentration and lower solute concentration (used to compare solution concentration)

hypertonic

higher solute concentration and lower water concentration (used to compare solution concentration)

Isotonic

Having the same solute concentration as another solution.

Red Blood Cells under hypotonic solution

Turns crenated (shriveled with spiked edges)

Red Blood cells under hypertonic solution

Causes hemolysis (bursting/swelling of cell)

solvent

fluid that contains dissolved substances

solute

A substance that is dissolved in a solution.