Civics and Citizenship

Legal rules are made by

parliaments, local councils and the courts.

Laws are enforced by

the police and the government

Make laws in Australia

Supreme court and the High court

Precedent

legal principle or law that must be followed by in other courts when a similar case arises

FOUR ways in which justice can be undermined.

-Dodgy police, judges, lawyers

-court delays

-Gossip - making you believe what happened

-corruption

- bribery

sanction

someone who receives a punishment

plaintiff

the person who believes that their rights have been harmed.

defendant

The person accused of wrong doing

Negligence

failure to take proper care and as a result someone is harmed

Defamation

saying something that is false and causes harm to another’s reputation

Civil action

an complaint, made by a person or company in a law court against another person who is said to have done something to harm them

corruption

any form of dishonest or unethical action that causes people to break the rules for their own gain for example bribery

Court delays

takes time because of a lack of legal assistance, cannot afford a lawyer and sometimes evidence must be collected

Trial by media

traditional and online information can spread quickly that can create the impression of a person’s guilt

Order the Western Australia court go?

The higher it goes the more difficult the cases get

Highest to Lowest court rooms

High Court, supreme court, district court, magistrates court, and family court

All MINOR criminal matters referred to as

“Simple offences“

All minor criminal matters examples (3)

theft, property damage, assault and traffic offences

Civil disputes where the amount of money involved does not exceed

$750,000

The District court has the power to hear

-All INDICTABLE or serious criminal offences, where except the highest term being imprisonment that can be imposed is life.

cases heard in District court (4)

Most of the cases heard include serious theft, armed robbery, trafficking or selling illegal drugs, fraud.

Civil disputes (money$)

unlimited amount of money in cases where the the claim relates to personal injuries and injuries sustained in motor vehicle accidents

•The District court can also hear what

hear civil matters involving commercial or business dealings and debt recovery, but only for amounts up to $750,000

The supreme court (3)

All serious criminal offences, but generally the most serious cases such as murder and major illicit drug-trafficking cases.    International

charged

meaning criminal

Who determines outcome in district court

The judge determines outcome

Call magistrate…

your honor

does magistrate have a jury

No jury

what are Baliff officers (4)

•Serves court documents and seizes and sells the judgment debtor's real or personal property.

•Authorised officer in the court, appointed by the sheriff of Western Australia

•Tell the person that they are being sued and give you the papers

• enforcement officer

Supreme court have jury or not

Yes

Non legal rules

are imposed upon members of a specific group

Law

Rule citizens of a particular country or state must follow

currency

commenwealth

border security

common wealth

Education

State

Police

state

WAYS justice can be undermined

Corruption : bribery, dodgy police, lawyers and judges

Court delays

Trial by media

coercion - pressuring anyone part of a case

Amount of money involved in magistrates

75,000

Amount of money involved in District

+750,000

Amount of money involved in Supreme court

Unlimited

“beyond reasonable doubt“

criminal case where the jury must find EITHER guilty or innocent

Balance of probabilities

decides plaintiff made a mistake or defendant wrong. 51% which on is most likely

How old do you have to be to have your case heard in children’s court

age 10 to 17

3 penalties that can be handed down by the children’s court

• community service

• FINE up to $2000

• Adult supervision

How many people serve on a jury in WA

12 to 18

Indictable offence

serious in nature supreme and district Judge + Jury decides guilt

Summary offence

Minor offence

Family court hears (3)

children, marriage and child settlement

Corners Court

How dead people died

Common law

is created by courts from all of the decisions made within those courts that are built overtime

• helps Judge in future cases to make decision