Roman gods
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41 Terms
Who was the Roman equivalent of Zeus?
Jupiter
Who was the Roman equivalent of Poseidon?
Neptune
Who was the Roman equivalent of Hades?
Pluto
Who was the Roman equivalent of Hera?
Juno
Who was the Roman equivalent of Demeter?
Ceres
Who was the Roman equivalent of Hestia?
Vesta
Who was the Roman equivalent of Hephaistos?
Vulcan
Who was the Roman equivalent of Aphrodite?
Venus
Who was the Roman equivalent of Athena?
Minerva
Who was the Roman equivalent of Artemis?
Diana
Who was the Roman equivalent of Apollo?
Apollo
Who was the Roman equivalent of Hermes?
Mercury
Who was the Roman equivalent of Ares?
Mars
Who was the Roman equivalent of Dionysus?
Bacchus
What peoples influenced Roman religion? (2)
1 The Etruscans (who lived north of Rome) 2 The Greeks (who lived south of Rome)
Where was Jupiter's main temple?
On the Capitoline hill in Rome
What was Capoline Jupiter called?
Jupiter Optimus Maximus = Jupiter the Best and Greatest
Who was Neptune important to? (3)
1 sailors 2 traders 3 travellers
Why did Neptune increase in importance?
Because the Romans spread throughout the whole Mediterranean
Where was Pluto commonly portrayed? (2)
1 On Roman sarcophagi (a stone coffin) 2 abducting Proserpina
How does Juno take revenge on Aeneas? (2)
1 At the start of the Aeneid 2 she destroys many ships and many of his men
What demonstrates the importance of Ceres to the Romans? (2)
1 A temple on the Aventine hill 2 A festival called the Cerealia in April
Where had the flame of Vesta in Rome come from? (2)
1 Brought from Troy 2 by Aeneas
Who looked after Vesta's flame?
The Vestal virgins
What happened if Vesta's flame went out?
Rome would be destroyed
What did Vulcan make for Aeneas?
A shield
Why was Vulcan important to the Romans?
They were at war all the time, so needed weapons
What festival was held in honour of Vulcan?
The Vulcanalia, held in August
Why was Venus important to the Romans? (2)
1 She was the mother of Aeneas 2 Augustus claimed to be descended from Venus
To what was Minerva not so closely associated as Athena?
War
Who was Diana popular with in Rome? (2)
1 The urban poor 2 slaves
Why was Diana popular with the poor? (2)
1 Her temple was founded by Servius Tullius, king of Rome 2 who was born slave
Who favoured Apollo?
The first emperor Augustus
Why did Augustus favour Apollo? (3)
1 He had defeated Anthony and Cleopatra 2 at Actium 3 where there was sanctuary to Apollo
How did Augustus honour Apollo? (4)
1 Built a temple 2 festivals 3 prayers 4 sacrifices
Why was Mercury an important gods to the Romans? (2)
1 They had a big empire 2 so there was lots of travel
How can we tell Mercury was popular in Roman households? (2)
1 small statues (votive statuettes) 2 in household shrines (lararium)
How did Mars differ from Ares?
He was associated with agriculture
Why was Mars favoured by the Romans? (2)
1 The Romans were warlike 2 Mars was the father of Romulus and Remus
What was the 'Field of Mars'?
A training area just outside Rome
What happened when the Bacchanalia was first bought to Rome?
The Romans banned it in 186BC