Correlations

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11 Terms

1
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What is a correlation?

  • A measure of how strongly two variables are related to each other either positively or negatively

  • Correlations look at relationships NOT difference

2
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How do we refer to variables in correlations?

  • We refer to them as co-variables

  • There is no IV or DV as researchers have no control over the variables

3
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Why can we not determine cause and effect with correlations?

Because correlations does not equal causation

4
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Strengths of correlations

  • Shows the strength of the relationship between 2 variables

  • Can identify relationships that can be investigated further by experiments

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Weaknesses of correlations

  • Cannot establish cause and effect- correlation does not effect causation

  • The relationship may involve other variables

6
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How is data obtained for correlations?

  • There is no IV/DV so data must naturally occurring

  • Questionnaire

  • Interview

  • Tracking device

7
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What is a positive correlation ?

A relationship between two variables which both variables either increase or decrease at the same time

8
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What is a negative correlation?

A relationship between two variables in which an increase in one variable is associated with a decrease in the other

9
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What does it mean if two variables show no correlation?

There is no relationship

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What is a correlation co-efficient?

  • Correlation can be expressed numerically as a co-efficient, ranging from -1 to +1

  • The correlation co-efficient ( r ) indicates the extent to which the pairs of numbers for these two variables lie on a straight line

  • The closer to 1 or -1, the straighter the line

  • Values over 0 indicate a positive correlation, while under 0 indicates a negative correlation

  • 0 shows little or no correlation

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What correlation co-efficient ( r ) values can we use to tell how strong a correlation is?

  • -1= perfect negative correlation

  • -0.9= high negative correlation

  • -0.5= low negative correlation

  • 0= no correlation

  • -1= perfect positive correlation

  • -0.9= high positive correlation

  • -0.5= low positive correlation