Circulatory System A. & P. (EMT)

The circulatory system

• Closed system to transport blood, nutrients, and oxygen to all tissues of body

• Removes waste products from tissues

• Compares heart, blood vessels, & blood

Anatomy of the cardiac system

• Heart

• Cardiac valves

• Arteries

• Capillary beds

• Venous system

What is the heart comprised of?

Atria & ventricles

Cardiac valves

• Tricuspid & bicuspid valves

• Pulmonic & tricuspid valves

Septal wall

Separates 2 ventricles

Left side of the heart is?

Left side of heart is the high pressure side

Arteries

• Aortic artery

• Coronary artery

• Carotid arteries

• Femoral arteries
  Arteries of arms & legs

Coronary artery

Supply blood flow into the heart

Right coronary artery

Supplies blood to the right side of the heart

Left coronary artery

Supplies blood to left side of the heartF

Femoral arteries

Go into femurs; size of a pinkie finger

What happens if you cut femoral RV artery?

3 minutes until dead

Circumflex

• Comes off the left coronary artery & wraps around back

  • Supplies blood to the back & right side of the heart

Aorta

Anchored behind spine

What happens if there is a tear in the aorta

Dead in 2 minutes

Apex

Very bottom of the heart

Capillary beds

• Capillary beds connect the arteriole to a venule

• Site of gas exchange at the cellular level

Venous system

• Venules

• Veins

• Vena cavae

• Pulmonary veins

Automaticity

Generates electrical impulses that makes muscles contract

SA Node

Internal pacemaker of the heart

AV Node

Pauses flow to give time to ventricles to fill

SA Node → AV Node

Internodal pathways

Internodal pathways

Transmit electrical impulses from the sinoatrial (SA) node to the atrioventricular (AV) node, ensuring the rapid and coordinated contraction of the atria; basically powerlines

SA Node intrinsic rate

60-100

AV Node intrinsic rate

40-60

What does the SA Node make the atria muscles do?

SA Node makes atria muscle squeeze

Bundle of his

An elongated segment connecting the AV Node and the left and right bundle branches of the septal crest; Branch of wires after the AV Node

Bundle of his intrinsic rate

Intrinsic rate of 20-40

Ventricular fibrillation

An arrhythmia that starts in your ventricle; quivering

• No cardiac input

Atria fibrillation

An irregular heartbeat that occurs when the electrical signals in the atria (the two upper chambers of the heart) fire rapidly at the same time; Quivering in the atria

What do people with atrial fibrillation take?

Takes blood thinners

Composition of blood

• Red blood cells

• White blood cells

• Platelets

• Plasma

Red blood cells

Hemoglobin/ transport O₂ & CO₂

White blood cells

Fight infection

Platelets

Form blood clots

Plasma

The liquid part of blood

Assessing _____ & _____ give information about?

Assessing the pulse & blood pressure gives info about the adequacy of circulation

How is the pulse created?

The pulse is created by a wave of blood propelled by contraction of the left vehicle

Squeezing nailbed

Method of checking blood transfusion (2 secs to turn pink is best)

Central pulses

Carotid, femoral

Peripheral pulses

Radial, brachial, posterior tibial, dorsalis pedis

Blood pressure

Force exerted on walls of arteries as blood passes through

Systolic blood pressure

Top number

Diastolic blood pressure

Bottom number

Blood pressure top number should?

Top number should always be bigger than the bottom

Hypoperfusion

inadequate delivery of vital oxygen and nutrients to body tissue; Low-perfusion

Hypoperfusion is also called?

Shock

97% of oxygen is?

97% of oxygen is carried attached to hemoglobin

3% of oxygen is?

3% of oxygen is dissolved in plasma

70% of CO₂ is?

70% of CO₂ is carried in plasma in the form of bicarbonate

23% of CO₂ is?

23% of CO2 attached to hemoglobin

7% of CO₂ is?

7% of CO2 is dissolved in plasma

Cell metabolism

• Aerobic metabolism

• Anaerobic metabolism