Extension information

Chromosomes

Structures that carry genetic information, with each egg and sperm containing 23 chromosomes.

Fertilization

The process where a sperm combines with an egg, forming a pair of chromosomes and combining alleles to create a gene.

Alleles

Different forms of a gene that contribute to the genetic variation in traits.

Sexual reproduction

A process that combines genetic data from two parents, leading to variation in offspring traits.

Dominant allele

An allele that expresses its trait even when only one copy is present.

Recessive allele

An allele that only expresses its trait when two copies are present.

Punnett square

A tool used to predict the probability of offspring traits based on parental alleles.

Homozygous dominant

A genetic condition where an offspring has two dominant alleles (e.g., BB).

Heterozygous

A genetic condition where an offspring has one dominant and one recessive allele (e.g., Bb).

Homozygous recessive

A genetic condition where an offspring has two recessive alleles (e.g., bb).

Phenotypic ratio

A numerical comparison of the physical traits an individual may possess based on their alleles.

Genotypic ratio

A numerical comparison of the different combinations of alleles an individual might have.

Finding genotypic ratio

The process of filling out a Punnett square and counting allele combinations to express them as a ratio.

Finding phenotypic ratio

The process of filling out a Punnett square and counting physical traits to express them as a ratio.