WSU SLP 5080 week 14 speech sampling, phonological processes, & transcriptions

glossing

repeating what the speaker says in a speech sample

reliability

the extent to which repeating the same process, such as phonetic transcription and scoring, can be expected to produce the same results

intrarater

same clinician producing the same results

interrater

different clinicians producing the same results

deep testing

clinical sampling strategy used to elicit a large number of productions of a single phoneme, like word lists; usually combined with two-way scoring where targets are judged to be correct or incorrect; clinician may identify trends in the production of phonemes in certain contexts & positions

continuous speech testing

scoring speech production in samples of connected speech (conversational speech samples); probing for generalization of a learned articulatory skill, like the production of /s/ in connected discourse

phonetic variation

phonetic forms that typical adult speakers of English use to produce a word can vary greatly, clinicians must determine what is variation vs disorder

phonological process

simplifications of adult forms of communication that children make when acquiring speech & language

syllable structure processes

simplification of syllables

substitution processes

replacement of one class of phonemes for another

assimilatory processes

altering phoneme production due to the phonetic environment (differs from rule-based allophonic changes as it results in an atypical production of a word and sometimes unintelligible)

SODA

substitutions, omissions, distortions, additions

weak syllable deletion

phonological syllable structure process where the unstressed syllable is skilled over (telephone becomes tephone)

final consonant deletion

phonological syllable structure process where the last consonant sound in a word is missed (bay for bake)

reduplication

phonological syllable structure process where a syllable is simply repeated (dada for daddy, mumu for movie, bibi for baby)

cluster reduction

phonological syllable structure process where consonants are taken out of clusters (no for snow)

stopping

phonological substitution process where fricatives and affricates are replaced with stops (du for zoo)

fronting

phonological substitution process where sounds produced in the back of the mouth are replaced by sounds produced in the front of the mouth

deaffrication

phonological substitution process where an affricate sound is replaced with a fricative or stop (ship for chip, zus for juice)

gliding

phonological substitution process where /w/ or /j/ replace liquids, wabbit

labial assimilation

phonological assimilation process where a non-labial sound changes to a labial due to the influence of a nearby labial sound, can be perseveratory (bup for book) or anticipatory (pap for cap)

alveolar assimilation

phonological assimilation process where a non-alveolar sound changes to an alveolar sound due to the influence of a nearby alveolar sound, can be perseveratory (tine for time) or anticipatory (sut for shut)

velar assimilation

phonological assimilation process where a non-velar sound changes to a velar sound due to the influence of a nearby velar sound, can be perseveratory (cuk for cup) or anticipatory (cake for take)

voicing assimilation

phonological assimilation process where a sound's voicing feature (voiced or voiceless) is influenced by a neighboring sound, causing a voiceless sound to become voiced or vice versa (big for pig)