Ch 19 short answer

In what ways were the political situations in China and the Ottoman Empire similar in the early 20th century?

* Both China and the Ottoman Empire had become semi-colonies within the informal empires of Europe
* Neither was able to create the industrial economies or strong states needed to fend off European intrusion, even though both undertook reform programs
* Both gave rise to a new nationalist conceptions of society that were initially small but had great significance for the future

How were women's lives affected by the upheavals of the 19th century in China, the Ottoman Empire, and Japan?

* A discussion of women's lives in China should focus on the commitment to gender equality by the Taiping leadership and role of women in revolution
* In Japan, women were barred from politics and held no legal capacity to act
* In all, women's liberation was linked with modernization, and the status of women was linked to the status of the nation

What effect did nationalism have on China, the Ottoman Empire, and Japan in the 19th century.

* Nationalism in China was directed against Western imperialists; the Owing dynasty; and aspects of Chinese traditional culture, especially Confucianism
* In the Ottoman Empire, nationalism inspired independence movements in Greece, Serbia, Bulgaria, and Romania, which all broke away from Ottoman Empire
* Ottoman identity came to be defined in term of Turkish nationalism
* In japan, nationalism came to be identifies with Shinto, which became the official state cult.

What did the unequal treaties imposed on China and Japan by Western powers have in common with the capitulations between the Ottoman Empire and the European states?

* Both undermined the sovereignty of the countries forced to accept them
* Both reflected the changed balance of power in favor of Western powers
* Both granted Western special privileges
* Both facilitated Western penetration of Chinese, Japanese, and Ottoman economies
* Both were resented by the Chinese, Japanese, and Ottoman Turks