muscular system terms🤸

abdominal muscles

ribs to pubic bone

Abduction

Movement away from the midline of the body

Adduction

Movement toward the midline of the body

Adhesion

formation of fibrous band of tissue that holds two parts/ surfaces together.

Agonist

muscle that contracts to produce a movement

analgesic

painkiller

Antagonist

works against movement

anti-inflammatory

a drug that reduces inflammation

antispasmodic

drug used to prevent spasms

ataxia

lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement

atrophy

to waste away

Automaticity

The ability of the heart to generate and conduct electrical impulses on its own.

biceps brachii

posterior upper arm

biceps femoris

extends thigh and flexes leg

biopsy

the removal of living tissue from the body for diagnostic examination

cardiac muscle

Muscle of the heart

carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)

compression of the median nerve as it passes between the ligament and the bones and tendons of the wrist

certified fitness trainer (CFT)

A professional who serves as a leader and instructor in exercise programs and helps people achieve and maintain a healthful lifestyle.

Circumduction

circular movement of a limb at the far end

Computerized Tomography (CT)

the use of a device that employs a computer to analyze data obtained by a scanning beam of X-rays to produce a two-dimensional picture of a "slice" through the body

Contractility

ability to shorten forcibly when stimulated

contracture

The lack of joint mobility caused by abnormal shortening of a muscle

deep tendon reflexes (DTR)

involuntary muscle contraction in response to striking muscle tendon with reflex hammer; test used to determine whether muscles respond properly

Deltoid

curve of shoulder formed by large deltoid muscle

Depression

A prolonged feeling of helplessness, hopelessness, and sadness

Dorsiflexion

bending of the foot or the toes upward

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

(DMD)

progressive disease that weakens the muscles of the shoulder and pelvic girdle

dystaxia

difficulty in controlling voluntary movement

Elasticity

The ability of a material to bounce back after being disturbed

electromyogram (EMG)

record of the (intrinsic) electrical activity in a (skeletal) muscle

elevation

raising a body part

Endomysium

Surrounds individual muscle fibers

Epimysium

covers the entire skeletal muscle

Eversion

turning the sole of the foot outward

excitability

ability to respond to stimuli

exercise physiologist

develops, implements, coordinates exercise programs with physician supervision

Extensibility

ability to be stretched

extension

increases the angle of a joint

fascia

fibrous band

fasciitis

inflammation of the fascia

Flaccidity

loss of muscle tone, limp

Flexion

bending a joint

Frontalis

raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead

gastrocnemius

plantar flexion

gluteus maximus

extends thigh at hip

gluteus medius

abducts and medially rotates thigh

Goniometry

Measurement of joint motion

hemiparesis

slight paralysis or weakness affecting one side of the body

hemiplegia

paralysis on one side

Hyperextension

Excessive straightening of a body part

hypertrophy

increase in cell size

hypotonia

reduced muscle tone or tension

impingement syndrome

occurs when inflamed and swollen tendons are caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint

Insertion

attachment to movable bone

Inversion

turning inward

involuntary muscles

muscles that you cannot control

latissimus dorsi

extends and adducts humerus

leiomyoma

smooth muscle tumor

leiomyosarcoma

malignant tumor of smooth muscle

ligament

Connects bone to bone

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

technique that uses magnetic fields to indirectly visualize brain structure

muscle

tissue composed of fibers that can contract, causing movement of an organ or part of the body

muscle fiber

a single muscle cell

muscular dystrophy (MD)

hereditary condition causing progressive degeneration of skeletal muscles

Muscular System

enables movement of the body and internal organs

myalgia

muscle pain

myasthenia gravis

autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles

myocele

hernia of a muscle

myolysis

loss of muscle tissue

myoma

muscle tumor

myomalacia

softening of a muscle

myoparesis

weakness or slight muscular paralysis

myoplasty

surgical repair of a muscle

myorrhexis

rupture of a muscle

myositis

inflammation of muscle

Narcotics

drugs that get rid of pain and dull the senses

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory

drugs (NSAIDs)

decrease pain and suppress inflammation

nuclear medicine imaging (NMI)

noninvasive way to look inside the body

origin

attachment of a muscle that remains relatively fixed during muscular contraction

paraplegia

paresthesia

abnormal sensation of numbness and tingling without objective cause

pectoralis major

chest muscle

Perimysium

Connective tissue surrounding a fascicle

physical therapy

treatment to prevent disability or to restore functioning through the use of exercise

plantar fasciitis

an inflammation of the plantar fascia on the sole of the foot

plantar flexion

bending of the sole of the foot by curling the toes toward the ground

pronation

turning the palm downward

quadriplegia

paralysis of all four limbs

radiography

process of recording x-rays

range-of-motion (ROM) testing

an assessment of the degree to which a joint can be extended and flexed

range-of-motion (ROM) therapy

exercises performed to improve or maintain joint mobility and flexibility

rectus femoris

extends leg and flexes thigh

Rest Ice Compression Elevation

(RICE)

most common first aid treatment of muscular injuries

rhabdomyoma

benign tumor of striated muscle

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS)

malignant tumor of skeletal muscle

rigor

rigidity

rotation

toward the midline