Chapter 7: Genes And Inheritance

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18 Terms

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How many chromosomes are in human cells?

Human cells have 46 chromosomes.

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Which is the longest chromosome in a human cell?

Chromosome 1.

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What are chromosomes made up of?

Hundreds of genes.

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What does each gene do?

Each gene helps to control a particular characteristic in the organism.

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What is the shape of a DNA molecule?

A twisted ladder known as a double helix.

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What are gametes?

Sperm and egg cells; life begins when they join.

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Why are egg cells larger than sperm cells?

Because they contain food reserves.

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What is fertilisation?

The joining of a sperm cell with an egg cell.

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What is the new cell formed after fertilisation called?

A zygote.

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What chromosomes make a female?

What chromosomes make a female?

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What chromosomes make a male?

One X chromosome and one Y chromosome (XY).

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Which is smaller: the X chromosome or the Y chromosome?

The Y chromosome.

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What is variation?

The differences between individuals of the same species.

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What are genes made of?

DNA.

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What happens when sperm and egg fuse together?

They produce a new combination of DNA.

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What are genetic differences?

Differences in DNA between organisms of the same species.

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What else, besides DNA, can cause variation?

The environment.

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What can changes in the environment lead to?

Extinction of a population.