Ch 18 review with answers

The science that specializes in the classification of organisms is_______________.

a. anatomy

b. taxonomy.

c. botany

d paleontology

b.

Solely from its name, you know the Rhizopus nigrians must be _______________.

a. a plant

b. an animal

c. in the genus nigricans

d. in the genus Rhizopus

d

The science that specializes in the classification of organisms is_______________.

a. anatomy

b. taxonomy.

c. botany

d paleontology

b.

Solely from its name, you know the Rhizopus nigrians must be _______________.

a. a plant

b. an animal

c. in the genus nigricans

d. in the genus Rhizopus

d

A useful classification system does NOT ____________.

a. show relationships

b. reveal evolutionary trends

c. use different scientific names for the same organisms

d. change the taxon of an organism based on new data

c

In classifying organisms, orders are grouped together into _________________.

a.classes

b. phyla

c. families

d. genera

a

The largest and most inclusive of Linnaeus's taxonomic categories is the ____________________.

a. kingdom

b. order

c. phylum

d. species

a

Which of the following shows the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms?

A. taxon

B. Domain

C. Binomial Nomenclature

D. Cladogram

d

A unique trait that is used to construct a cladogram is called a

a. taxon

b. molecular clock

c. domain

d. derived character

d

the three domains are

a. Animalia, Plantae, Archaebacteria

b. Plantae, Fungi, Eubacteria

c. Bacteria, Archae, Eukarya.

d. Protista, Bacteria, Animalia

c

A kingdom that includes only heterotrophs is

a. Protista

b. Fungi

c. Plantae

d. Eubacteria

b

Why do biologist assign each organism a universally accepted name?

Biologist assign each organism a universally accepted name to provide consistency and avoid confusion

What criteria are used to classify an organism?

Evolutionary relationships are used as well structural similarities of the organism

What features of binomial nomenclature make it useful for scientist of all nations?

Bionomial nomenclature is useful to all scientist because each name is unique, a combination of the genus name and a term that is different for each species in the genus. Each scientific name is assigned to only one species, so different species are not confused.

Sequences Linnaeu's seven taxonomic categories from smallest to largest.

species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, and kingdom

Explain the goal of evolutionary classification.

to group organisms based on their evolutionary history instead of grouping only according physical similarities

What is a derived character? Give an example of a derived character.

a character that appears in recent parts of lineage but not in its older members, a molted exoskeleton in crustaceans is an example; the trait was not present in early crustacean ancestors

How is a cladogram used in classification?

a cladogram is an attempt to trace the process of evolution in a group of organisms by focusing on unique shared derived features that appear in some organisms but not in others.

How do biologist use DNA and RNA to help classify organisms?

Biologist choose segments of DNA and RNA that are similar in all or many organisms, and compare the sequences within those molecules. The more similar the DNA or RNA between species, the more closely related the species are assumed to be. Such comparisons can provide information that supports or refutes inferences based on visible structural characteristics.

What is phylogeny?

the study of evolutionary relationships among organisms

Describe how a molecular clock is used to estimate the length of time that two related species have been evolving independently.

relies on a repeating process, a mutation, to estimate the length of time that two species have been evolving independently. A comparison of DNA sequences in two species indicates how alike or dissimilar is, in turn, an indication of how long ago the species shared a common ancestor.

How do domains and kingdoms differ?

a domain is more inclusive and larger than a kingdom

What characteristics are used to place an organisms in the domain Bacteria?

members of domain Bacteria are all unicellular and prokaryotic. Cell walls contain petidoglycan

What domain consists of prokaryotes whose cell walls lack peptidoglycan?

they are placed in the kingdom Archaea

Describe the four kingdoms that comprise the domain Eukarya.

The four kingdoms making up the domain Eukarya are Protist, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia

What characteristic(s) differentiate the kingdom Animalia from the kingdom Plantae?

Unlike members of the Plantae kingdom, members of the Animalia kingdom are heterotrophic, do no have cell walls, and are motile.