Ottoman Empire

Ottoman Empire

A historical empire that lasted over 600 years, reaching its peak in the mid-16th century and spanning much of the Middle East, North Africa, and Eastern Europe.

Foundation of the Republic of Turkey

The Republic of Turkey was founded on October 29, 1923, marking the end of the Ottoman Empire.

Mehmed II

The Ottoman Sultan who conquered Constantinople in 1453, marking a significant expansion of the Ottoman Empire.

Battle of Manzikert

A decisive battle in 1071 where the Seljuk Turks defeated the Byzantine Empire, allowing them to expand into Anatolia.

Janissaries

Elite infantry soldiers in the Ottoman Empire, often captured as child slaves from Christian lands and converted to Islam.

Young Turks Movement

A political reform movement in the early 20th century aimed at modernizing the Ottoman Empire and establishing a constitutional monarchy.

Crimean War

A conflict in the 1850s where Britain and France intervened to prevent the complete collapse of the Ottoman Empire against Russian expansion.

Turkic Migration

The movement of Turkic peoples from Eastern Asia westward across the Eurasian Steppe, leading to the establishment of the Ottoman Empire.

Treaty of Lausanne

The 1923 treaty that ratified the independence of the Republic of Turkey, ending the Ottoman Empire's rule.

Siege of Vienna

A failed Ottoman siege in 1683 that marked a significant turning point in the empire's expansion into Europe.

Hagia Sophia

A former Greek Orthodox cathedral in Constantinople that was re-consecrated as a mosque after the Ottoman conquest in 1453.

Decline of the Seljuk Empire

The fragmentation of the Seljuk Empire into smaller Turkic states around the early 14th century, paving the way for the rise of the Ottomans.

Ottoman military tactics

The successful combination of well-trained infantry, cavalry, and artillery that contributed to Ottoman military successes.

Battle of Lepanto

A naval battle in 1571 where a Christian alliance defeated the Ottoman armada, marking a significant setback for the empire.

The Sick Man of Europe

A term used in the 19th century to describe the Ottoman Empire's decline and vulnerability to external threats and internal strife.