Petroleum Products

Gasoline production

Extraction and Transportation
Fractional Distillation (naphta)
FCC
Catalytic Reforming (increase octane)
Alkylation (increase octane)
Blending

Gasoline composition

n-alkanes

cycloalkanes

olefin

branched alkanes

aromatics

additives

Engine knocking

Premature/spontaneous combustion of fuel-air mixture before the spark plug fires.

Octane number

measure of gasoline's resistance to knocking.

Antiknock index

(RON+MON)/2

Fuel Sensitivity

RON-MON

Addition polymerization

initiation

propagation

termination

eg: polyethylene

Condensation polymerization

made from a diacid + diol

eg: PTEP

common petroleum derived polymers and uses

PVC - pipes, flooring, wire insulation

LDPE - film wrap, plastic bags

PTFE - nonstick pans, electrical insulation

Types of polymers

Thermoplastics (soften when heated, harden when cooled)
Thermosetting (Permanently hard, do not soften when heated)

Polymer structures

linear - PVC

branched - LDPE

cross-linked - rubbers

network - epoxies

Polymer additives

fillers - improve strength and stability

stabilizers - prevent degradation

colorants - add color