Anatomy Part 4 (Organization of the Human Body)

ana-

up

tomy-

cutting

physio-

natural functions

ology-

study of

gross-

can be seen with the naked eye

anatomy

the structures of the body

physiology

the functions of the structures of the body

homeostasis

a condition of equilibrium (balance) within a living organism

positive feedback loops

strengthen or add to the detected change

negative feedback loops

reverses the detected change

receptor (step 1)

a body structure that monitors conditions and sends info to a central control

control center (step 2)

evaluates input from receptors and determines if conditions are within normal limits

effector (step 3)

receives output from control center and produces a response

signs

may be observed by a clinician, can be measured

symptoms

may develop, can’t be measured

radiography (x-ray)

best used for bones, check and quick, uses radiation

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

better for soft tissue, strong magnetic field applied to body, expensive and time consuming, does not use radiation

computed tomography (CT) / computerized axial tomography (CAT)

x-rays from multiple angles, takes pictures in slices, used in emergency situations, uses radiation

ultrasound scanning

high frequency sound waves, non invasive (used on fetus, vessels, etc.), does not use radiation

positron emission tomography (PET)

small amounts of radioactive material, diagnoses cancer, gastrointestinal, and nervous system disease

-scopy

light emitting scope to view inside of organs and body cavities, invasive but safe, can view joints and abdominal organs

brachi-

arm

cardi/cardio-

heart

crani-

skull

cut/derma-

skin

ischi-

hip joint

my/myo-

muscle

a/an-

without

ante-

before

bi-

two

artho-

joint

osteo-

bone

hyper/supra-

above

hypo/infra-

below, under

inter-

between

peri-

around

-algia

pain

-itis

inflammation

-pathy

disease

body cavities

spaces within the body are separated by bones, muscles, ligaments, and other structures

this separation helps to support and protect internal organs

dissection

careful cutting apart of the body

integumentary system

protection, temp. regulation, vitamin D, sensory reception

skeletal system

support, protection, movement, mineral deposit, blood cell production, triglyceride storage

muscular system

movement, stabilizes, produces heat

nervous system

collect, integrate respond to stimuli inside and outside the body

endocrine system

regulates body activities (growth, development, and metabolism) using glands and hormones

cardiovascular system

pumping of blood, deliver nutrients, remove wastes, defense, regulation

respiratory system

gas exchange between inside and outside of body, acid/base balance

digestive system

physical, chemical breakdown of food, absorption, eliminates solid waste

urinary

eliminates liquid waste, regulates blood volume and composition

reproductive

produce and store gametes (egg and sperm), hormone release, maintain developing embryo