Spanish Grammar

Regular -ar verb endings in Present Tense

-o, -as, -a, -amos, -áis, -an (e.g., hablar)

Regular -er verb endings in Present Tense

-o, -es, -e, -emos, -éis, -en (e.g., comer)

Regular -ir verb endings in Present Tense

-o, -es, -e, -imos, -ís, -en (e.g., vivir)

What are the present tense forms of Ser (to be)?

soy, eres, es, somos, sois, son

What are the present tense forms of Estar (to be)?

estoy, estás, está, estamos, estáis, están

What are the present tense forms of Tener (to have)?

tengo, tienes, tiene, tenemos, tenéis, tienen

What are the present tense forms of Ir (to go)?

voy, vas, va, vamos, vais, van

What are the present tense forms of Hacer (to do/make)?

hago, haces, hace, hacemos, hacéis, hacen

Examples of stem-changing verbs in present tense

Querer (quiero), Poder (puedo), Pedir (pido)

Constructing the Present Continuous

formed using estar + gerund (-ando/-iendo)

Example of Present Continuous

Estoy comiendo (I am eating).

Regular -ar verb endings in Preterite Tense

-é, -aste, -ó, -amos, -asteis, -aron (e.g., hablé)

Regular -er/-ir verb endings in Preterite Tense

-í, -iste, -ió, -imos, -isteis, -ieron (e.g., comí)

What are the Preterite Tense forms of Ser/Ir?

fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fuisteis, fueron

What are the Preterite Tense forms of Tener?

tuve, tuviste, tuvo, tuvimos, tuvisteis, tuvieron

What are the Preterite Tense forms of Hacer?

hice, hiciste, hizo, hicimos, hicisteis, hicieron

Regular -ar verb endings in Imperfect Tense

-aba, -abas, -aba, -ábamos, -abais, -aban (e.g., hablaba)

Regular -er/-ir verb endings in Imperfect Tense

-ía, -ías, -ía, -íamos, -íais, -ían (e.g., comía)

What are the Imperfect Tense forms of Ser?

era, eras, era, éramos, erais, eran

What are the Imperfect Tense forms of Ir?

iba, ibas, iba, íbamos, ibais, iban

What are the Imperfect Tense forms of Ver?

veía, veías, veía, veíamos, veíais, veían

Immediate Future construction

Ir (present) + a + infinitive

Example of Immediate Future

Voy a estudiar (I am going to study).

Simple Future endings

Infinitive + endings (-é, -ás, -á, -emos, -éis, -án).

Examples of Simple Future

Hablaré (I will speak), Comerán (They will eat).

Irregular forms in Simple Future

Tendr- (tener), Har- (hacer), Podr- (poder), Dir- (decir).

Conditional Tense formation

Infinitive + endings (-ía, -ías, -ía, -íamos, -íais, -ían).

Examples of Conditional Tense

Hablaría (I would speak), Comeríamos (We would eat).

Reflexive pronouns

me, te, se, nos, os, se.

Example of reflexive verb

Me lavo (I wash myself).

more than

Más + adj + que

less than

Menos + adj + que

as... as

Tan + adj + como

Example of Superlative

Definite article + más/menos + adjective (e.g., El más alto - The tallest).

Direct Object Pronouns

lo, la, los, las (me, te, nos, os).

Position of Direct Object Pronouns

Before a single conjugated verb or attached to an infinitive.

Some/Any

Alguno(s)/Alguna(s)

None/No

Ninguno/Ninguna

All/Every

Todo(s)/Toda(s)

to be… years old.

Tener años

to be hungry/thirsty.

Tener hambre/sed

to be cold/hot.

Tener frío/calor

to be afraid.

Tener miedo

to be right.

Tener razón

to have to do something

‘Tener que + infinitive’

‘Se puede + infinitive’

One can… (e.g., Se puede comer aquí - You can eat here).

I usually…

‘Suelo + infinitive’

I have just…

‘Acabo de + infinitive’

Going to… (Immediate future).

‘Ir a + infinitive’

To feel like doing something.

‘Tener ganas de + infinitive’