(3) Lab 6: Muscles

# = Function, * = Origin and insertion

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

• Characteristic:

  • VOLUNTARY

  • MAKES LONG FIBERS

  • MULTINUCLEATE

• Location: ATTACH TO BONES

• Function:

  • CONTROL BREATHING

  • MAINTAIN BODY TEMP

Cardiac Muscle Tissue

• Characteristic:

  • LOOKS BRANCHY

  • Has INTERCALATED DISCS

  • INVOLUNTARY

  • FAINT STRIATIONS

  • UNINUCLEATE

• Location: HEART

• Function: PUMP BLOOD THROUGHOUT BODY

Smooth Muscle Tissue

• Characteristic:

  • INVOLUNTARY

  • NO STRIATIONS

  • NOT WAVE-LOOKING

• Location: INTERNAL ORGANS (DIGESTIVE TRACT)

• Function: CONSTRICT BLOOD VESSELS/AIRWAYS

Dense Regular Connective Muscle

• Characteristic:

  • WAVE-LOOKING

    • Made by FIBROBLASTS

  • Tightly packed collagen Fibers

• Location: TENDONS AND LIGAMENTS

  • Tendons: Skeletal Muscle to Bones

  • Ligaments: Bone to Bone

• Function: MOVEMENT AND STABILITY

Voluntary VS Involuntary

1. Under CONSCIOUS CONTROL (you can do these things willingly)

2. Actions that YOU CAN’T CONTROL; HAPPENS NATURALLY

Striations

THIN LINES PERPENDICULAR to any muscle tissue

• Formed because of thick and thin protein filaments

Multinucleate

MANY NUCLEUS along the length of fibers

Uninucleate

ONE NUCLEUS

Intercalated Discs

DARK STRUCTURES in the muscle that SEPARATE THE CELLS

Origin (attachment point)

These are the END OF MUSCLE that ANCHORS TO THE BONE

• Wont move during contraction

Insertion

Part of the muscle that ATTACHES TO THE BONE THAT MOVES DURING CONTRACTION

Action

MOVEMENT A MUSCLE CONTRACTION CAUSES

• e.g: flexing the elbow

  • When you bend your elbow, the biceps muscle on the front of your upper arm contracts and shortens, while the triceps muscle on the back of your upper arm extends. This coordinated action is a type of muscle contraction known as flexion, where the angle between two bones (in this case, the humerus and radius/ulna) decreases. 

Belly

PORTION OF MUSCLE BETWEEN ORIGIN AND INSERTION

Agonist/Primer Mover

The muscle that’s RESPONSIBLE FOR MAKING SPECIFIC MOVEMENT AT A JOINT

Antagonist

This is a muscle that OPPOSES ACTION OF AGONIST

• This is the muscle that RELAXES while the other CONTRACTS to create a movement

Synergist

MUSCLES WORK TOGETHER to PERFORM SIMILAR ACTION

• e.g: the brachialis and brachioradialis are synergistic muscles that HELP IN FOREARM FLEXION

-

Fixator

Muscle that SURROUNDS JOINT to give STRENGTH AND STABILITY

Sprain

Injury where the LIGAMENT IS OVERSTRETCHED

• Causes swelling

Strain

INJURY TO MUSCLE OR TENDON

Muscle Tear

When the MUSCLE FIBERS ARE TORN; HUGE INJURY

Orbicularis oculi (L/R) #

Function: RESPONSIBLE FOR CLOSING EYELIDS

Plays role in facial expressions (especially squinting or smiling)

**This ORBITS the EYES

Orbicularis Oris

Surrounds the mouth

Zygomaticus Major (L/R)

Occipitofrontalis (Frontal Section — L/R)

Occipitofrontalis (Occipital Section — L/R)

Masseter (L/R) #*

Function: Responsible for CHEWING (ELEVATE MANDIBLE AT THE JAW)

• Origin: Zygomatic Bone

  • This is part of the muscle that just ATTACHES to the bone WITHOUT MOVEMENT

• Insertion: Mandibular ramus and angle

  • This is the part of the muscle that MOVES when there’s a contraction

Temporalis (L/R)

Sternocleidomastoid (L/R) #*

• Function: ROTATE HEAD/FLEX NECK

• Origin: MANUBRIUM of STERNUM MEDIAL CLAVICLE

• Insertion: MASTOID PROCESS of the TEMPORAL BONE

Pectoralis Major (L/R) #

• Function: FLEX SHOULDERS + ROTATE ARM at shoulders

Trapezius (L/R)

Latissimus Dorsi (L/R) #

• Function: ADDUCT/ROTATE ARM at shoulder

Serratus Anterior (L/R) #

• Function: ROTATE SCAPULA + ELEVATE RIBS

• Kinda near the armpit and pectoral area

Diaphragm #

EXPANDS THORACIC CAVITY

• Below the external, internal, transverse obliques and the rectus abdominis

Intercostal Muscles (internal) — L/R

Intercostal Muscles (external) — L/R

Rectus ABdominis (L/R) #

Function: FLEX/ROTATE TORSO

External Oblique #

Function: FLEX/ROTATE TORSO

• This is SUPERIOR to the RECTUS ABDOMINIS and the other obliques

• FIRST LAYER

Internal Oblique #

Function: FLEX/ROTATE TORSO

• SECOND LAYER

Transversus Abdominis #

Function: FLEX/ROTATE TORSO

• THIRD LAYER (Most DEEP) layer

Deltoid (L/R) #*

• Function: ABDUCT, FLEX, EXTEND, AND ROTATE ARM at the shoulder

• Origin: ACROMION OF SCAPULA

• Insertion: DELTOID TUBEROSITY of HUMERUS

Rotator Cuff Muscles (L/R) #*

Function: ROTATE ARM IN ALL DIRECTIONS at shoulder

Origin: SCAPULA

Insertion: HUMERUS

Subscapularis (L/R) #

Function: ROTATE ARM IN ALL DIRECTIONS at shoulder

• UNDERNEATH the INFRASPINATUS

Infraspinatus (L/R) #

Function: ROTATE ARM IN ALL DIRECTIONS at shoulder

• NEXT to the RHOMBOID MAJOR

Supraspinatus (L/R) #

Function: ROTATE ARM IN ALL DIRECTIONS at shoulder

Teres MINOR (L/R) #

Function: ROTATE ARM IN ALL DIRECTIONS at shoulder

• Kinda looks like mini wings

• Below infraspinatus

Teres MAJOR (L/R)

Biceps Brachii Muscle (L/R) #*

Function: FLEX FOREARM at the elbow, SUPINATE ARM at shoulder

Origin: Supraglenoid tubercle and coracoid process of scapula

Insertion: Radial tuberosity of radius

Brachialis (L/R) #

Function: Synergist to biceps brachii

• BETWEEN BICEP AND TRICEP BRACHII

Triceps Brachii (L/R) #*

Function: EXTEND FOREARM AT ELBOW

Origin: INFRAGLENOID TUBERCLE of scapula

Insertion: OLECRANON PROCESS of ULNA

Brachioradialis (L/R) #

Function: FLEX FOREARM AT ELBOW

• LATERAL and below the BICEP BRACHII

• In the ANTEBRACHIAL area

Pronator Teres (L/R) #

Function: PRONATE FOREARM

• MEDIAL TO BRACHIORADIALIS

• In the ANTEBRACHIAL area

Flexor Carpi Radialis (L/R) #*

Function: FLEX/ABDUCT WRISTS

Origin: MEDIAL EPICONDYLE of HUMERUS

Insertion: SECOND/THIRD METACARPALS

• MEDIAL to the PRONATOR TERES

Palmaris Longus (L/R)

MEDIAL to the Flexor Carpi Radialis

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris (L/R) #*

Function: ADDUCT and FLEX WRISTS

Origin: MEDIAL EPICONDYLE OF HUMERUS; OLECRANON PROCESS OF ULNA

Insertion: CARPAL BONES; 5TH METACARPAL

• MOST MEDIAL from the brachioradialis (this is 4th AWAY from the brachioradialis)

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris (L/R) #

Function: EXTEND AND ADDUCT WRIST

• POSTERIOR

• Next to the FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS

Extensor Digitorum (L/R) #

Function: EXTENDS DIGITS

Extensor Carpi Radialis (L/R) #

Function: EXTEND and ABDUCT WRISTS

Iliopsoas (L/R) #

Function: FLEX THIGH AND TRUNK

• UNDERNEATH THE GLUTES (max and min and medius)

Gluteus Maximus (L/R) #

Function: EXTEND, ABDUCT, ROTATE THIGH AT HIP

BUTTCHEEKS

Gluteus Medius (L/R)

Quadriceps Femoris (L/R) #

Function: EXTEND LEG at KNEE

Rectus Femoris #*

Function: EXTEND LEG at KNEE

Origin: ANTERIOR INFERIOR ILIAC SPINE of ILIUM

Insertion: PATELLA TIBIAL TUBEROSITY of TIBIA

Vastus Lateralis (L/R) #

Function: EXTEND LEG at KNEE

Vastus Intermedius (L/R) #

Function: EXTEND LEG at KNEE

• This is DEEP of the RECTUS FEMORIS

Vastus Medialis (L/R) #

Function: EXTEND LEG at KNEE

**Tip: Notice how the different vastus says the position of where it is in (e.g: LATERALIS = Lateral, MEDIUS = Medial, ETC)

Gracilis (L/R)

INNER THIGH MUSCLE

Sartorius

Adductor Longus #

Function: ADDUCT THIGH AT HIP

Tensor Fasciae Latae (with Iliotibial band)

Red = T

Yellow = I

Biceps Femoris (L/R) #*

Function: FLEX LEG AT KNEE + ROTATE THIGH AT HIP

Origin: ISCHIAL TUBEROSITY OF ISCHIUM

Insertion: HEAD OF FIBULA

Semitendinosus (L/R) #

Function: FLEX LEG AT KNEE + ROTATE THIGH AT HIP

SANDWICHED between Semimembranosus and Biceps Femoris

Semimembranosus (L/R) #

Function: FLEX LEG AT KNEE + ROTATE THIGH AT HIP

MOST MEDIAL towards the body

Tibialis Anterior (L/R) #*

Function: DORSIFLEX FOOT at ANKLE

Origin: LATERAL CONDYLE and TIBIAL DIAPHYSIS of TIBIA

Insertion: TARSAL BONE; FIRST METATARSAL

Extensor Digitorum Longus (L/R) #

Function: EXTEND AND DORSIFLEX TOES

LATERAL to the TIBIALIS ANTERIOR

Fibularis Longus (L/R)

Gastrocnemius (L/R) #*

Function: PLANTAR FLEX FOOT AT ANKLE

Origin: LATERAL/MEDIAL CONDYLES OF FEMUR

Insertion: CALCANEUS

Soleus (L/R) #

Function: PLANTAR FLEX FOOT AT ANKLE

SANDWICH BW Gastrocnemius and Fibular Longus