Life Processes: Nutrition, Respiration, Transportation, and Excretion

Flashcards covering key concepts in plant and animal nutrition, respiration, transportation, and excretion.

What is Photosynthesis?

The process by which green plants make their own food using sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water.

What are Saprophytes?

Organisms that obtain nutrition from dead and decaying organic matter.

What is a Parasite?

An organism that lives on or in a host and obtains nutrients at the host's expense.

What is Holozoic Nutrition?

Ingestion of food and the internal processing of it.

What are Frugivores?

Animals that primarily feed on fruits.

What are Herbivores?

Animals that primarily feed on plants.

What are Carnivores?

Animals that primarily feed on meat.

What are Omnivores?

Animals that eat both plants and animals.

What are Sanguivores?

Animals that feed on blood.

What are Detritivores?

Organisms that feed on dead organic material.

Where does the action of salivary amylase occur, and what does it break down?

Takes place in the buccal cavity, where salivary amylase breaks down starch into maltose.

Where does the digestion of proteins begin, and what enzymes are involved?

Occurs in the stomach, where pepsin breaks down proteins into peptones and rennin acts on casein.

Name three key enzymes found in the small intestine.

Pancreatic amylase, trypsin, and intestinal enzymes.

What are the final products of digestion of Maltose, Fats and Peptides?

Maltose into 2 Glucose, Fats into Fatty acids and Glycerol, and Peptides into Amino acids.

What is the role of Bile in digestion?

Emulsifies fats into smaller droplets for easier digestion by enzymes.

What is Cellular Respiration?

A biochemical process where glucose is oxidized to produce carbon dioxide and water, releasing energy.

What is Combustion?

It is a chemical process that occurs at high temperature and does not involve enzymes.

What is the main difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration in terms of oxygen requirement and ATP production?

Aerobic respiration requires oxygen and produces 38 ATP molecules, while anaerobic does not require oxygen and produces only 2 ATP molecules.

How does Amoeba respire?

Diffusion through the general body surface.

List three characteristics of Respiration?

Catabolic; Carbohydrates are oxidized; Energy is liberated in the form of ATP; increases CO2.

List three Characteristics of Photosynthesis?

Anabolic; Carbohydrates are synthesized; Light energy is stored in the form of glucose; decreases CO2.

What are the four main blood groups?

A, B, AB, and O.

Where are antigens and antibodies located in blood?

Antigens are present on RBCs, while antibodies are present in plasma.

What is the basic function of double circulation with respect to blood?

Provides oxygen to different parts of the body.

Name three types of Nitrogenous wastes.

Ammonia, Urea, and Uric acid.

What are the characteristics of Ammonia produced as waste?

High toxicity and high solubility in water.

Name two excretory organs found in animals.

Nephridia in earthworms and Malpighian tubules in insects.

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

Nephron.

What is the purpose of dialysis?

To remove urea and excess salts from the blood when the kidneys fail.