PLTW HBS Cells and Microscopes

cell

smallest unit of life

tissue

functioning cells working together

Organize these terms from smallest to largest: organ system, cell, organ, tissue

cell - tissue - organ - organ system

Nervous tissue SIGNAL

Locations: nerves, spinal cord, brain

Functions: receive, interpret, and respond to signals

Epithelial tissue COVER

Locations: lines outer surface of all organs, blood vessels, mouth and other surfaces

Functions: absorb, secrete, protect and sense (ex. skin)

Muscle tissue MOVE

Locations: makes up all muscles, attached to bones and internal organs

Functions: moves to provide movement of joints, causes the heart to contract

Connective ATTACH

Locations: hold organs in place, attachs to bones, links bones and joints

Functions: attached to an in between other tissue types in the body to allow it to move

Define histology

Study of microscopic anatomy of tissues

What does a histologist do?

looks for changes in tissues to indicate damage, disease or other conditions

What is the value of histology?

the vaue of histology is a deeper ability to understand tissues and their role in biological processes

What kind of education is needed?

A bachelor’s degree, one-year clinical intership or a multi-year training program in a histopathology laboratory, and passing a national exam

Simple Ciliated tissue

appears blob-ish

Giant neurons

interconnected webs of neurons

skeletal muscle

tree branches with cells in between branches

adipose

long branches

elastic tissue

long striations

what is the main difference between the structure of the ephithelial tissue and adipose tissue?

ephithelial is tighly packed while connective tissue is scattered and uneven

How do their structures relate to function?

ephithelial tissue is harder to penetrate and connective tissue is more ambiguous to fill gaps in tissues.

mandible

jaw bone of skull

maxilla

upper jaw/nose part of skull

zygomatic process

below eye part of skull

frontal bone

front part of skull

temporal bone

ear part of skull

occipital bone

back of the skull

parietal bone

middle/top part of skull

orbicularis oculi

Location: orbital region of the face

Function: open and closes eyelids

orbicularis oris

Location: oral region of face

Function: opens and closes lips

Temporalis

Location: located near temples

Function: biting and chewing food

arm

supports the eyepiece and revolving nosepieces, makes a good handle for carrying the microscope

base

supports the weight of the microscope, where you find the on/off switch

coarse adjustment knob

knob used for finding the specimen under low power, moves the stage up/down

diaphragm

located under the stage, this contols how much light shines through the stage to illuminate the specimen

eyepiece

the part you look through, has a 10x lens in it

fine adjustment knob

knob used for focusing

light

this provides the light that shines through the slide

objectives

the microscope has three of these lenses in different powers (4,10,40)

revolving nosepiece

holds the objective lenses and rotes to use different lenses

stage

where you place the slide for viewing

stage clips

these hold the slide in place

skeletal muscle

makes up all muscles, allows muscles to move

adipose

under skin, between organs, cushions organs, maintains body temp

compact bone

found along shaft of bone, gives bone strength,

simple columnar

lines stomach, secretes chemicals