Basic Geometry Terms

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70 Terms

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Point
Undefined term in Euclidean Geometry. A location in space. No measure (length, width, depth). Zero dimension. Name a point with one upper case letter.
Undefined term in Euclidean Geometry. A location in space. No measure (length, width, depth). Zero dimension. Name a point with one upper case letter.
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Line
Undefined term in Euclidean Geometry. The straight path of a point as it travels in space. No width or depth. Infinite length. One dimension. Name a line with two points or one lower case script letter.
Undefined term in Euclidean Geometry. The straight path of a point as it travels in space. No width or depth. Infinite length. One dimension. Name a line with two points or one lower case script letter.
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Plane
Undefined term in Euclidean Geometry. The straight path of a line as it travels in space. No depth. Infinite length and infinite width. Two dimensions. Name a plane with a capital letter.
Undefined term in Euclidean Geometry. The straight path of a line as it travels in space. No depth. Infinite length and infinite width. Two dimensions. Name a plane with a capital letter.
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Line Segment
A portion of a line that has definite length, and two endpoints. Name the line segment by its two endpoints in any order.
A portion of a line that has definite length, and two endpoints. Name the line segment by its two endpoints in any order.
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Measure of a line segment
The length of a line segment, usually given in mm, cm, in, ft, or some other linear unit of measure.
The length of a line segment, usually given in mm, cm, in, ft, or some other linear unit of measure.
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Ray
A portion of a line that has only one endpoint and infinite length. Name the ray with the endpoint first and another point second that shows the direction the ray extends.
A portion of a line that has only one endpoint and infinite length. Name the ray with the endpoint first and another point second that shows the direction the ray extends.
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Vertex
A point that is the intersection of two segments, or two rays, at their endpoints.
A point that is the intersection of two segments, or two rays, at their endpoints.
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Polygon
A closed plane figure whose sides are line segments that intersect only at their endpoints. Name a polygon by its vertices in clockwise or counter-clockwise order, starting at any vertex.
A closed plane figure whose sides are line segments that intersect only at their endpoints. Name a polygon by its vertices in clockwise or counter-clockwise order, starting at any vertex.
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Consecutive Vertices
Two vertices of a polygon that are endpoints of the same side.
Two vertices of a polygon that are endpoints of the same side.
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Consecutive Sides
Two sides of a polygon that share the same endpoint (vertex.)
Two sides of a polygon that share the same endpoint (vertex.)
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Diagonal
A segment that joins two non-consecutive vertices of a polygon.
A segment that joins two non-consecutive vertices of a polygon.
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Convex Polygon
A polygon that has no diagonals or parts of a diagonal in the exterior of the polygon.
A polygon that has no diagonals or parts of a diagonal in the exterior of the polygon.
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Concave Polygon
A polygon that has at least a portion of a diagonal in the exterior of the polygon.
A polygon that has at least a portion of a diagonal in the exterior of the polygon.
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Collinear
Three or more points on the same line are collinear.
Three or more points on the same line are collinear.
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Coplanar
Three or more non-collinear points, or a line and non-collinear points, or two or more lines, that are on the same plane are coplanar.
Three or more non-collinear points, or a line and non-collinear points, or two or more lines, that are on the same plane are coplanar.
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Angle
The union of two rays that intersect at their endpoints only. The measure of an angle is less than or equal to 180 degrees.
The union of two rays that intersect at their endpoints only. The measure of an angle is less than or equal to 180 degrees.
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Side of an Angle
One of the rays that form an angle.
One of the rays that form an angle.
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Vertex of an Angle
The common endpoint of the two rays that form the angle.
The common endpoint of the two rays that form the angle.
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Congruent
Geometric shapes that are the same shape and have the same measure are congruent.
Geometric shapes that are the same shape and have the same measure are congruent.
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Measure of an angle
The amount of turning about the vertex from one side to the other. The measure of an angle is given in degrees or radians.
The amount of turning about the vertex from one side to the other. The measure of an angle is given in degrees or radians.
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Acute Angle
An angle whose measure is more than zero degrees and less than 90 degrees.
An angle whose measure is more than zero degrees and less than 90 degrees.
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Right Angle
An angle whose measure is exactly 90 degrees.
An angle whose measure is exactly 90 degrees.
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Obtuse Angle
An angle whose measure is more than 90 degrees and less than 180 degrees.
An angle whose measure is more than 90 degrees and less than 180 degrees.
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Straight Angle
An angle whose measure is exactly 180 degrees.
An angle whose measure is exactly 180 degrees.
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Complementary Angles
Two angles whose measures add up to 90 degrees. These two angles do not have to share any points.
Two angles whose measures add up to 90 degrees. These two angles do not have to share any points.
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Supplementary Angles
Two angles whose measures add up to 180 degrees. These two angles do not have to share any points.
Two angles whose measures add up to 180 degrees. These two angles do not have to share any points.
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Vertical Angles
Two angles formed by intersecting lines that share only a vertex. A property of vertical angles is that they are congruent.
Two angles formed by intersecting lines that share only a vertex. A property of vertical angles is that they are congruent.
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Adjacent Angles
Two angles that share a vertex and side and do not share any interior points.
Two angles that share a vertex and side and do not share any interior points.
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Linear Pair of Angles
Two adjacent angles whose unshared sides form a straight angle (or line.) A property of Linear Pairs is that the angles are supplementary. (Linear Pair Postulate)
Two adjacent angles whose unshared sides form a straight angle (or line.) A property of Linear Pairs is that the angles are supplementary. (Linear Pair Postulate)
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Parallel Lines
Two or more coplanar lines that do not intersect. They have the same slope.
Two or more coplanar lines that do not intersect. They have the same slope.
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Perpendicular Lines
Two or more coplanar lines that intersect to form right angles. Their slopes are negative reciprocals of each other and their product equals -1.
Two or more coplanar lines that intersect to form right angles. Their slopes are negative reciprocals of each other and their product equals -1.
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Triangle
A polygon with three sides.
A polygon with three sides.
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Quadrilateral
A polygon with four sides.
A polygon with four sides.
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Pentagon
A polygon with five sides.
A polygon with five sides.
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Hexagon
A polygon with six sides.
A polygon with six sides.
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Heptagon
A polygon with seven sides.
A polygon with seven sides.
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Octagon
A polygon with eight sides.
A polygon with eight sides.
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Nonagon
A polygon with nine sides.
A polygon with nine sides.
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Decagon
A polygon with ten sides.
A polygon with ten sides.
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Scalene Triangle
A triangle whose sides are not congruent.
A triangle whose sides are not congruent.
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Isosceles Triangle
A triangle with at least two congruent sides.
A triangle with at least two congruent sides.
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Base of an Isosceles Triangle
The non-congruent side (if there is one) of an isosceles triangle.
The non-congruent side (if there is one) of an isosceles triangle.
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Base Angles of an Isosceles Triangle
Two angles that have one side that is the base of the isosceles triangle.
Two angles that have one side that is the base of the isosceles triangle.
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Vertex Angle of an Isosceles Triangle
The angle of an isosceles triangle formed by congruent sides.
The angle of an isosceles triangle formed by congruent sides.
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Equilateral Triangle
A triangle with all three sides congruent. (A regular triangle.)
A triangle with all three sides congruent. (A regular triangle.)
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Acute Triangle
A triangle with three acute angles.
A triangle with three acute angles.
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Right Triangle
A triangle with one right angle and two acute angles. The two acute angles are complementary.
A triangle with one right angle and two acute angles. The two acute angles are complementary.
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Hypotenuse
The longest side of a right triangle. It is opposite the right angle.
The longest side of a right triangle. It is opposite the right angle.
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Legs of a Right Triangle
The two sides of the right triangle that form the right angle.
The two sides of the right triangle that form the right angle.
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Obtuse Triangle
A triangle with one obtuse angle and two acute angles.
A triangle with one obtuse angle and two acute angles.
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Parallelogram
A quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel sides.
A quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel sides.
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Rectangle
A parallelogram with four right angles (an equiangular parallelogram.)
A parallelogram with four right angles (an equiangular parallelogram.)
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Square
A regular parallelogram. An equilateral rectangle. An equiangular rhombus.
A regular parallelogram. An equilateral rectangle. An equiangular rhombus.
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MIdpoint
The point of a segment that splits the segment into two congruent segments.
The point of a segment that splits the segment into two congruent segments.
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Bisect
To split into two congruent parts.
To split into two congruent parts.
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Segment Bisector
A line, ray, segment, or plane that passes through only the midpoint of a line segment. It creates two congruent segments that are half as long as the original segment.
A line, ray, segment, or plane that passes through only the midpoint of a line segment. It creates two congruent segments that are half as long as the original segment.
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Angle Bisector
A ray or line that passes through the vertex of an angle and forms two congruent angles that are half the measure of the original angle.
A ray or line that passes through the vertex of an angle and forms two congruent angles that are half the measure of the original angle.
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Perimeter
The sum of the lengths of the sides of a polygon.
The sum of the lengths of the sides of a polygon.
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Area
The amount of two dimensional space within the borders of a plane figure. It is measured in square units.
The amount of two dimensional space within the borders of a plane figure. It is measured in square units.
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Area of a Triangle
A = (1/2)bh, where b = base, and h = height
(You will learn other area formulas for a triangle in subsequent chapters.)
A = (1/2)bh, where b = base, and h = height (You will learn other area formulas for a triangle in subsequent chapters.)
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Area of a Parallelogram
A = bh, where b = base, and h = height
A = bh, where b = base, and h = height
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Area of a Rectangle
A = bh, where b = base, and h = height
A = bh, where b = base, and h = height
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Pythagorean Theorem
In a right triangle, where a and b are legs, and c is the hypotenuse, a^2 + b^2 = c^2.
In a right triangle, where a and b are legs, and c is the hypotenuse, a^2 + b^2 = c^2.
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Pythagorean Triples
Three whole numbers that make the Pythagorean Theorem equation true.
Three whole numbers that make the Pythagorean Theorem equation true.
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Circles
The set of all points in a plane that are a given distance (radius) from a given point (center.)
The set of all points in a plane that are a given distance (radius) from a given point (center.)
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Center of a circle
The point about which all points of a circle are equidistant. The circle is usually named by its center.
The point about which all points of a circle are equidistant. The circle is usually named by its center.
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Radius
The distance from the center point to any point on the circle. OR The segment that joins the center point to any point on the circle.
The distance from the center point to any point on the circle. OR The segment that joins the center point to any point on the circle.
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Diameter
The longest chord or a circle. OR The length of the chord that passes through the center of a circle.
The longest chord or a circle. OR The length of the chord that passes through the center of a circle.
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Circumference of a Circle
The distance around a circle. C = d(pi), where d = diameter. OR C = 2r(pi), where r = radius
The distance around a circle. C = d(pi), where d = diameter. OR C = 2r(pi), where r = radius
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Area of a Circle
The two-dimensional space within the boundary of a circle. A = (r^2)(pi) where r = radius
The two-dimensional space within the boundary of a circle. A = (r^2)(pi) where r = radius