Temperature, Pressure, Level, and Flow (12110-15)

The two temperature scales that have 100 ° between the freezing and boiling points of water are the

Celsius and Kelvin scales

The reference liquid that Gabriel Fahrenheit used to measure temperature was

mercury

Given the equation ( ° F - 32 ) / 1.8 = ° C , convert 10 ° F to ° C .

12.2 ° C

Given the equation ( 1.8 x degrees C ) + 32 = ° F , convert 70 ° C to ° F .

158 ° F

A thermocouple is used to determine temperature by producing a ( n ) .

voltage

Pressure is defined as

the amount of force exerted by a substance over a given unit of area

The unit of pressure measurement that considers the presence of atmospheric pressure , with 0 pressure beginning at the level of atmospheric pressure is .

psig

The relationship between absolute pressure and gauge pressure is

psia = psig + atmospheric pressure

The Greek letter delta , or A , means ,

change

Liquids that are commonly used in manometers include .

water

To prevent damage to a pressure - measuring instrument installed in a process system , the normal pressure reading for the process should never exceed

75 percent of the instrument's scale value

The purpose of an isolation diaphragm is to

separate the pressure element from the corrosive fluid of the process

Level is often converted to a

volumetric measurement

The type of instrument used to measure level directly , up to approximately 20 feet , is a

dipstick

A device that is commonly used to measure the levels of caustic liquids and acids is a

magnetic - type float device

In many industrial applications , level is determined by using .

pressure measurements

The standard to which all other substances are compared when determining specific gravity is

water

Given the equation : pressure + 0.0360 - inches H₂O , a pressure gauge mounted at the bottom of an open tank of water indicates 20 psig . The level of water in the tank is

555.55 inches

19. A wet leg should be used as the low - pressure connection line for a bubbler system on a closed tank if the process vapors are

corrosive or unstable

Flow is defined as

the amount of fluid that passes a given point per unit of time

Two basic ways of expressing a fluid flow measurement are

mass and volume

Instruments in a process system may create and / or monitor differential pressure to determine

flow rate

The term multi - phase flow refers to the flow of material

in different states , such as gases and liquids

Variable - area meters are used to determine

flow rate

A rotameter is

a vertical tapered glass tube that contains a float