Pulmonary Issues in Critical Care
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This set of flashcards covers key vocabulary and concepts related to pulmonary issues in critical care, focusing on acute lung injury, ARDS, pulmonary embolism, and their management.
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16 Terms
Acute Lung Injury
A respiratory condition characterized by inflammation and increased permeability of the alveolar-capillary membrane.
Acute Respiratory Failure
A condition where the respiratory system fails in oxygen exchange, resulting in failure of ventilation or oxygenation.
ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome)
A severe lung condition characterized by rapid onset of widespread inflammation in the lungs.
Pulmonary Embolism (PE)
A blockage in one of the pulmonary arteries in the lungs, usually caused by blood clots that travel to the lungs from the legs.
Tachypnea
An abnormally rapid breathing rate.
Tachycardia
An increase in heart rate above the normal range.
PEEP (Positive End-Expiratory Pressure)
A mode of mechanical ventilation that keeps the airways open at the end of expiration to help improve oxygenation.
Mortality Rate for ARDS
The mortality rate for ARDS ranges from 30% to 40%, with the highest rates associated with sepsis.
D-dimer
A blood test used to help rule out the presence of an inappropriate blood clot (thrombus).
CT Angiogram (CTA)
A diagnostic imaging test that uses a CT scan to visualize the blood vessels.
Anticoagulation Therapy
Medications used to prevent blood clots from forming, used in the management of pulmonary embolism.
Alveolar-Capillary Membrane Injury
Damage to the membrane between the alveoli and capillaries, leading to impaired gas exchange.
Hypoxemia
An abnormally low level of oxygen in the blood.
Acute Distress
A severe medical condition characterized by sudden onset of distressing symptoms.
Emergency Management in PE
Includes maintaining airway, administering oxygen, managing circulation, and anticoagulant therapy.
Neutrophil Activation
The process by which neutrophils (a type of white blood cell) are activated during an inflammatory response.
