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Describe the structure of solids
particles are fixed is a regular arrangement
particles are very colse together
particles vibrate
strong forces od attraction
Describe the structure of liquids
Particles are arranged randomly
particles are closer together
particles are free to move in random motion (in all directions)
medium forces of attraction between the particles
Describe the structure of gases
particles are arranged randomly
particles are far apart
particles are free to move in random motion
weak/no forces between particles
Why do solids expand when heated?
Solids expand when heated because the particles gain more (kinetic) energy, and so vibrate more.
What are the limitations of the 3D model?
It can be confusing when there are lots of atoms.
They don't show electrons.
They are hard to draw.
What is the particle model (or kinetic model)? Include its assumptions
A simple model in which solids, liquids, and gases, can be represented as lots of particles. It assumes that all substances are made from small, inelastic spheres
what is condensation?
The process by which a gas turns into a liquid
What is melting?
The process by which a solid turns into a liquid
In terms of particles and forces, explain why heating causes a solid to turn into a liquid
In solids, strong attractive forces hold particles in place, so that they can only vibrate in position. As the substance is heated, the particles gain kinetic energy and vibrate faster and faster. Eventually, the particles have so much energy that they overcome the forces holding them together, and the substance melts into a liquid.
Which is the highest density - solid, liquids, or gases?
Solids, as the particles are closest together in solids
