Studied by 0 people
which social groups did Hitler’s ideologies appeal to
appealed to all social classes broadly
with flexible policies and propaganda
with a sharp focus on the lower middle class
which age groups did Hitler’s ideologies appeal to
younger age group
they were not traumatised by Germany’s failure in WW1
and were easier to indoctrinate
through youth groups and education
Fuhrerprinzip definition
belief in strong government
under the leadership
of Adolf Hitler
explain how Fuhrerprinzip aided Hitler in amassing support
people, especially lower middle class were miserable
due to the restrictions and poor living quality of the Great Depression
categorised notable by the Weimar government being in power at the time
Hitler offered people food, jobs and a fulfilment to their psychological needs for a strong beacon of political hope
the idea of a strong leader resonated with the German public due to the instability of the Weimar government
“Ein Volk, ein Reich, ein Fuhrer!” definition
“one people, one nation, one leader”
explain how the Nazi motto: “Ein Volk, ein Reich, ein Fuhrer!” aided Hitler in amassing support
Hitler promotes himself as a symbol of the people
demonstrating that he is both one of the people and also the nation
by aligning himself directly with the motherland, going against the Nazis could be construed as being against the will of the people
explain how the destruction of Versailles aided Hitler in amassing support
the majority of Germany and the Nazis viewed the Treaty of Versailles as something that trapped and oppressed Germany’s prosperity
many Germans saw the signing of the Treaty of Versailles as the ruining of their national pride, significant due to the strong patriotism prevalent at the time
Hitler viewed the Treaty of Versailles as making Germany weak, as portrayed in Nazi propaganda at the time
this is an example of how the Nazis utilised negative cohesion to paint Germany against the Weimar government and the liberal left-central wing
when was the Treaty of Versailles signed
June 28th 1919
explain how Hitler’s ideologies of destroying Marxism aided in amassing support
anti-Marxism appealed to the middle/upper classes as they were afraid of losing materialistic goods and finances if communism spread
Germans were afraid of communism after seeing the detrimental effect of the Soviet Union in Russia
Arbeit und Brot definition
work and bread
explain how the Nazi ideology of ‘Arbeit und Brot’ aided Hitler in amassing support
this concept allowed the Nazis to appeal to the lower-middle classes negatively affected by the Great Depression
due to issues such as unemployment and food shortage
Arbeit und Brot demonstrates to the German public that if they vote for the Nazis, they will receive employment, food and thus economic security
this is significant as by 1932, 6-8 million people were unemployed due to the Great Depression
this number is unknown exactly as many people were unable to register for unemployment benefits
explain how the Nazi ideologies of Aryan superiority and anti-Semitism aided Hitler in amassing support
the hurt and weakened German public were desperate for a scapegoat to blame for Germany’s humiliating failure in WW1
the concept of Aryan superiority gave the German public a way to promote their value, creating hierarchy even within social classes
Nazi propaganda at the time portrayed anti-Semitism in a positive light, portraying the ‘spotting’ of Jewish people for children the same as the spotting of a poisonous mushroom
through these racist ideologies, Hitler was able to unite Germany through the fight against a common enemy
explain how the Nazi ideologies of gender roles aided Hitler in amassing support
Hitler portrayed the role of men in Germany incredibly stereotypically, with their role largely being portrayed as providers and the strong figurehead of the family
this would appeal to many men who were left feeling emasculated due to their unemployment
Hitler portrayed the role of women in Germany as a role of nurturing and domestication
many women were already brought up with these values deeply instilled, so these ideologies resonated
describe the numerical changes in popularity of the Nazis 1928-1932
1928 - 810k electors (2.8% of Germany)
1932 - 13.5 million electors (37.3% of Germany)
explain the numerical changes in popularity of the Nazis 1928-1932
considerable increase in number of eligible voters between 1928
May 1928 - 41.2 million eligible voters
July 1932 - 44.2 million eligible voters
sharp increase in electoral participation between these years
1928 - 75.6% of Germany participated
July 1932 - 84.1% of Germany participated
state which timeframe saw the Nazis amass the most voting supporters
September 1930 - March 1933
saw Nazi votes vastly increase to 6.4 million
1933 was when Hitler was appointed to Chancellor
explain why support for Nazis was so limited, 1924-1928
economic and national instability
meant people did not feel obliged to potentially worsen Germany’s stability
through voting in a relatively new party
state the biggest political party in 1924
social democrats
seats in reichstag:
May 1924 - 100 seats
December 1924 - 131 seats
state the Nazis number of reichstag seats in 1924
May 1924 - 32 seats
December 1924 - 14 seats
state the biggest political party in 1928
social democrats
seats in reichstag:
May 1928 - 153 seats
state the Nazis number of reichstag seats in 1928
May 1928 - 12 seats
state the biggest political party in 1930
social democrats
seats in reichstag:
September 1928 - 143 seats
state the Nazis number of reichstag seats in 1930
September 1930 - 107 seats
state the biggest political party in 1932
Nazis
seats in reichstag:
July 1932 - 230 seats
November 1932 - 196 seats
explain what the Northeim case study was
held in 1960 by historian WS Allen
Allen aimed to demonstrate that between 1929-1937, local Nazis in Northeim exploited social divisions, economic crisis and political stalemate
to establish Nazi control over Northeim
arguing that the Nazi’s seizure of power “occurred largely from below” instead of the Nazi’s national politics
Northeim was a small town (population c.10,000)
railways and local government offices employed c.2,500 of its inhabitants
Northeim case study - Allen’s interview with a business man - QUOTES
“business was bad”
“Nazis asked my father for contribution and he refused”
“he lost his business”
“So he joined the Nazi party”
“He probably would not have joined of his own choice”
Northeim case study - Allen’s interview with a business man - UTILITY
the prolocutor refers to his father “joining” the Nazis instead of supporting them, demonstrating how the Nazi’s seizure of power relied heavily on conformity and forced compliance
the statement: “He probably would not have joined of his own choice” demonstrates how the Nazis utilised intimidation techniques on the community to force compliance
the prolocutor is the son of a man who joined the Nazis and may be portraying his father’s actions as forced instead of willing
due to the interview occurring in 1960
as the son is aware of the stigma surrounding previous Nazi support and the detrimental affect the Nazis had on millions of people
Northeim case study - Allen’s interview with the principal of Northeim Girls’ School - QUOTES
"I saw the Communist danger”
“Nazis were the only party that broke terror through anti-terror”
“I saw the complete failure of the bourgeois parties to deal with the economic crisis”
“Only National Socialism offered any hope”
Northeim case study - Allen’s interview with the principal of Northeim Girls’ School - UTILITY
the statement: "I saw the Communist danger” is an example of the Nazis utilisation of negative cohesion against the centre-left
the principal may have feared communism due to the rapid increase in the number of seats the social democrats held in the reichstag between 1930-1932
the statement: “complete failure of the bourgeois parties to deal with the economic crisis” demonstrates how the Nazis promoted themselves as largely pandering to the desires of the lower/middle classes
the “bourgeois parties” failed to notice the German people gravitating towards the political extremes due to both the Nazis and the Social Democrats offering the public what they needed
evidenced with the German Democratic Party’s (GDP) seats in the reichstag falling from 20 to 4 from 1930-1932
what did the Nazis offer from 1929
hope jobs and food
through concepts such as ‘Arbeit und Brot’ and ‘Fuhrerprinzip’
the Nazis offered a sense of security for a country with no sense of hope
the Nazis promised they would destroy Germany’s national enemies as a united front
Hitler is described to have “seemed to be the Bringer of Salvation”, portraying Hitler as a saint-adjacent figure who had the power and authority to bring about a new day for Germany
why didn’t Hitler become Chancellor in July 1932
chancellor Paul Von Hindenburg said that Hitler could not bring himself to share power and that the Nazis were violent and intolerant
Von Hindenburg saw Hitler as common and vulgar, believing it should be someone from the upper echelons of society that should lead Germany instead
who became chancellor after July 1932
Franz Von Papen
why did Hjalmar Schacht support Hitler’s case for the Chancellorship
as a businessman, Schacht the Nazis offered security against communism
Schacht believed supporting Hitler was for the greater good and it was a short term solution for the long term fight against communism
why did the Nazi vote fall in November 1932
reichstag seats fell from 230 (July 1932) to 196 (November 1932)
as the Nazis were going bankrupt
due to the cost of fighting in elections
this instability worsened by the fact that a key figure in the party had just resigned
demonstrating to the Germans that the Nazis weren’t united
why was Hitler appointed Chancellor in January 1933
Von Papen agreed that Hitler could become Chancellor
on the stipulations that
Hitler made Von Papen Vice Chancellor
and only two other Nazis were allowed in the Cabinet
Note 
Flashcard (85)