CHAPTER 12 MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY

glomerul/o

glomerulus

glomerulopathy

disease of the glomerulus

glomerulonephritis

inflammation of the glomerulus and nephron

nephr/o, ren/o

kidney

nephrology

the study of the kidney

nephritis

inflammation of the kidney

renal failure

where the kidney is no longer effectively filtering blood

pyel/o

renal pelvis

pyelonephritis

inflammation of the renal pelvis and kidney

pyelitis

inflammation of the renal pelvis

ur/o, urin/o

urine

urology

the study of the urinary system

hematuria

condition of blood in the urine

lith/o

stone

lithiasis

condition of stones

lithotripsy

crushing stones

cyst/o, vesic/o

bladder

cystotomy

incision into the bladder

cystitis

inflammation of the bladder

vesiculotomy

creation of an opening into the bladder

vesculitis

inflammation of the seminal vesicles

urethr/o

urethra

urethrostenosis

restriction in the urethra

urethritis

inflammation of the urethra

ureter/o

ureter

ureterocele

herniation of the ureter

ureterectomy

removal of the ureter

meat/o

opening

meatoscope

device to view the inside of the meatus, which is the opening

meatal stenosis

narrowing of the meatus, again opening

testicles

the male gonads make this, and store sperm. They produce testosterone, which causes the male secondary sex characteristics

epididymis

stores the sperm

vas deferens

carries sperm from the epididymis to the seminiferous tubes

seminiferous tubules

contributes fluid to the sperm to make sperm

prostate gland

encircles the urethra, also secretes fluid into the semen

penis

contains the urethra, carries urine, and semen to the outside of the body

scrotum

is a sac of skin that contains the testicles

balan/o

penis

balanorrhea

discharge from the penis

balanitis

inflammation of the penis

epididym/o

epididymis

epidymotomy

incision into the epididymis

epididymectomy

removal of the epididymis

orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o, test/o, testicul/o

testicle

orchitis

inflammation of the testicle

orchiopexy

surgical fixation of the testicle

anorchidism

lack of a testicle

testitis

inflammation of a testicle

prostat/o

prostate

prostatitis

inflammation of the prostate

prostomegaly

enlarged prostate

sperm/o, spermat/o, sperm/i

sperm

aspermia

lack of sperm

spermicide

is a substance that kills sperm

spermatocele

cyst near the epididymis

dysuria

• pain with urinating, is caused by an infection somewhere along the urinary tract

• Patients may also complain of bladder pain, cystalgia or kidney pain nephralgia

urinating pain place

Urethra is also a common source of pain, urethralgia when infected or irritated by chemicals. Issues may also include frequency: often, not often, etc.

urine problems

Urine itself: presence of blood in urine - hematuria, pyuria - pus in the urine

orchiodynia

pain of the testicles, or lack of a testicle in the scrotum. (anorchism)

priapism

prolonged erection or inability to maintain an erection (impotence)

balanorrhea

penile discharge, may indicate the presence of a sexually transmitted infection

anuria

lack of urination

dysuria, urodynia

painful urination

enuresis

involuntary urination

incontinence

nocturia

nightime urination

nocturnal enuresis

nightime involuntary urination

hematuria

blood in the urine

oliguria

low urine output

polyuria

excessive urine output

pyuria

pus in the urine

urocyanosis

blue colored urine

cystalgia, cystodynia

bladder pain

cystoplegia

bladder paralysis

polydipsia

excessive thirst

nephralgia

kidney pain

ureteralgia

ureter pain

urethrodynia

urethra pain

urethrorrhea

discharge from the urethra

balanorrhea

discharge from the penis

priapism

persistent and painful

orchialgia, orchiodynia

testicular pain

orchidoptosis

downward displacement of the testicle

mental exam

When a patient comes in with urinary problems, the healthcare practitioner will perform a physical exam of the patient for the mental exam. A patient with kidney dysfunction may be confused and delirious due to buildup of the toxins in the blood that would have been filtered out normally by a functioning kidney. 

abdominal exam for pain

The location of the pain can indicate the origin of the problem. Example: suprapubic pain can indicate a bladder problem because the bladder sits just above the pubic bone while pain in the lumbar may indicate kidney problems

examination of the penis

Includes the foreskin if present, and the urethral meatus if its open, if the location is normal

testicular exam

the patient will be assessed for the presence of two testicles, if not, one is hidden, or didn’t develop properly. Palpitation may reveal a mass fluid which is misplaced intestines or a tumor.

digital rectal exam

used to assess prostate glands in males

digital rectal exam

used to assess the prostate glands in males

urinalysis

the examination of the urine, assessed for pH, presence of protein, glucose, blood cells, pus, and other debris that should not be present in the urine

blood tests

reflects kidney function, measure of levels of waste in the blood, pH, and electrolytes (also includes potassium, sodium, and calcium)

radiography

x-ray studies of the urine system

ultrasound

is the use of sound waves to detect abnormalities in the organ structure

CT scan

useful for detecting the presence of kidney stones, and their location. Can also access abnormalities of the ureters

urodynamic testing

specialists use radiography to watch the patient urinate in order to detect abnormalities of the process of urinating

what relates to a males reproduction

a sperm count examines how many sperm cells are present in a patient’s semen. Can detect low sperm count, or confirm there is no sperm.

albuminuria

protein in the urine

azotorrhea

excess discharge of nitrogen in the urine

azoturia

excess nitrogen in the urine

glucosuria, glycosuria

glucose in the urine