Historical Interpretations

“The establishment of _____ ___ ________ brought ________ ___ _________ ________ to the _____ ________ __ ___ _______ ______.”

• _______ _______

“The establishment of order and security brought enormous and immediate benefits to the great majority of the Chinese people”

• Maurice Meisner

‘Few guessed that ___ ___ _______ _ ____ … ___ ___ ________ __ _________ ___ ________ __ _____.’

• ____ _____ ___ ___ ________

‘Few guessed that Mao was setting a trap…Mao was planning to persecute the educated en masse.’

• Jung Chang and Jon Halliday

The effect was to __________ ___ ______’s _________, inactivating the very persons in shortest supply…Mao and his colleagues ____________ _________ _____ _____ ______ that intellectuals…could have saved them from.’

• ____ ____ ________

The effect was to decapitate the People’s Republic, inactivating the very persons in shortest supply…Mao and his colleagues subsequently committed error after error that intellectuals…could have saved them from.’

• John King Fairbank

‘It was the _______ __ _ _______ ______ ______ ___ __ ________ ____ …[It} relied ultimately on…the “_____________ ___________” of the masses.’

• _______ _______

‘It was the product of a utopian social vision, not an economic plan…[It} relied ultimately on…the “revolutionary enthusiasm” of the masses.’

• Maurice Meisner

‘Mao’s… _________ ______ ….worked everyone to the bone, then took everything…Mao _________ _______ ___ ______ ____ __ ________ __ _____.’

• ____ _____ ___ ___ ________

‘Mao’s…predatory regime….worked everyone to the bone, then took everything…Mao knowingly starved and worked tens of millions to death.’

• Jung Chang and Jon Halliday

Senior party members, ____ _________ ___ ____ __________ than Mao…[were] deeply concerned with Mao’s romantic, hasty approach… ____ _______ __ ______ _____ ______ __ ______ ___ ________.’

• ________ ___

Senior party members, more pragmatic and less idealistic than Mao…[were] deeply concerned with Mao’s romantic, hasty approach…They decided to subtly block, divert or modify his policies.’

• Immanuel Hsu

‘The Cultural Revolution ushered in a ______ __ _______ ___ _____ ______ that drove the country to utter chaos…[It] turned out to be ____-_______, ____-____________, ___ ____-__________.’

• ________ ___

‘The Cultural Revolution ushered in a decade of turmoil and civil strife that drove the country to utter chaos…[It] turned out to be anti-cultural, anti-intellectual, and anti-scientific.’

• Immanuel Hsu

‘The Cultural Revolution left an _______ ______ of ______ _______ ________ ______, and even __________ __________ …With the Cultural Revolution, ___ _____________ _____.’

• ___ ______

‘The Cultural Revolution left an enduring legacy of social justice, feminist ideals, and even democratic principles…With the Cultural Revolution, Mao reinvigorated China.’

• Lei Feigon

Without ignoring the failures and crimes … the Maoist era [was] ___ __ ___ _____ ___________ ______ [_______] in world history, and one that _______ _____ ________ __ ___ ________ _______

• ___ ______

Without ignoring the failures and crimes … the Maoist era [was] one of the great modernising epochs [periods] in world history, and one that brought great benefits to the Chinese people

• Lee Feigon

Mao was _________ ___________ __ _ _____________ but disappointingly _______ __ _ _______ _______ … his 27 year rule _______ ______ ___________ __ ________ ______ __________.

• ________ ___

Mao was extremely successful as a revolutionary but disappointingly erratic as a nation builder … his 27 year rule brought little improvement in people’s living standards.

• Immanuel Hsu