Axial Skeleton-Skull

• supports and protects body organs like the brain, heart and lungs

• protects special sense organs like eyes, nerves for smell, and auditory and balance structures

• attachment sites for muscles such as back muscles, intercostal muscles for breathing, and facial expressive muscles.

what are the functions of the axial skeleton

head; neck; and main trunk structures

remember what makes up the axial skeleton which is:

Frontal bone

Mandible

temporal bone

occipital bone

sphenoid bone

parietal bone

ethmoid bone

what is the green

vomer bone

what is right behind the blue

hyoid bone

sits high up in the neck. It is mobile and suspended by or held up by the stylohyoid ligaments. This bone has a horseshoe shape (U shape)

coronal suture

sits between the frontal lobe and parietal lobe

lamboid suture

sits between the occipital and parietal lobe

sagittal suture

sits between the right and left parietal bone

Synarthrotic joints.  No, there is no movement.

What joint category do the skull sutures fall into?  Would there be movement at these joints?

foramen magnum

the big circular hole in the middle of the skull

palatine bone

that is the maxilla as well as the palatine process of the maxilla near the palatine bone

what is the orange near the teeth

chewing muscle

what is the red thing?

zygomatic arch

what is to the right of the left chewing muscle

temporalis. zygomatic process of temporal bone, temporal process of zygomatic bone. Under lamboid suture and occipital bone there is the external occipital protuberance

perpendicular plate of ethmoid and the vomer

what makes up the bony nasal septum

sella turcica

pituitary gland sits here

cribriform plate

olfactory nerves sits here

the eyeballs and the muscles that surround them

what would sit under the bone where the red arrows point?

the sphenoid

the most structurally complex and intricate bone of the entire body and is where the sella turcica is

ethmoid

the cribriform plate is in this bone

temporal bone (TMJ = temporo-mandibular joint)

with which bone does the mandible articulate/join?

frontal bone, lacrimal bone, ethmoid, sphenoid, palatine bone, maxillary bone, zygomatic bone

know all of this

nasal conchae

churn the air to humidify and warm it

pneumatized bone

The Paranasal Sinuses
-Air-filled chambers that open into the nasal cavity:
• Frontal sinuses
• Sphenoidal sinuses
• Maxillary sinuses
• Ethmoid air cells

What category of bone do these fall into knowing they have hollow spaces in
them?

frontal sinus, ethmoid air cells, sphenoidal sinus, maxillary sinus

these connect in some way to the nasal passages. During a cold, they can become blocked, and mucus can accumulate leading to pain

do not

paranasal sinuses (do or do not) lie in the same coronal plane?

hyoid bone

does not articulate with any bones and is therefore extremely mobile

flat bones

what general bone does the sternum fall into?

flat bone

what type of bone is the frontal bone

synovial joint

another name for a diarthrotic joint would be…..

lateral

the ear sits ____ to the mouth

periosteum

outside the bone

endosteum

inside the bone

periosteum

the ____ is the connective tissue layer that wraps directly around a bone

compact

osteons are primarily found in the _____ bone

false; these movements occur at diarthrotic (synovial) joints

True/False:

flexion and extension are movements that can occur at synarthrotic joints

supporting connective tissue. Both bone and cartilage

cartilage falls into which category of connective tissue

palatine bones

the pair of bones that make up the posterior of the hard palate or the roof of the mouth

palatine process of the maxilla

the pair of bones that make up the anterior of the hard palate or the roof of the mouth

False; it is suspended by the stylohyoid ligaments but it is not fixed in place because it is highly mobile

True or false:

the hyoid bone is suspended by the stylohyoid ligaments and fixed in place

mandible, occipital, frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, vomer, hyoid

unpaired bones in the skull (only a single bone in the skull)

parietal bone, temporal bone, zygomatic bone, lacrimal bone, palatine bone, maxillae, nasal bones, inferior nasal conchae

paired bones in the skull (think two of each of that bone; one on the left and one on the right)

frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital

main flat bones protecting the brain