Martin Luther’s Life Story

What was his father's job and what did he (Luther) originally study to become?

Copper miner and originally studied to be a lawyer

What year did he go on a pilgrimage to Rome and what did he find horrifying there?

Went in 1510 and was horrified at extravagant lifestyle of clergy there

Why and when did Luther nail the 95 theses to the Church of Wittenberg?

He nailed them in response to the Selling of Indulgences, which he did not agree with, this was in 1517

What was the name of the document Pope Leo X sent Luther and when did he send it?

It was a Papal Bull called 'Exsurge Domine' and was sent to Luther in 1520

What happened in 1505 and who did he make a promise to?

Luther got caught in a thunderstorm, became frightened for his life and made a promise to St Anne that if he survived, he would become a monk

What did the papal bull Pope Leo X sent Luther state?

It gave Luther 60 days to recount his beliefs or be condemned as a heretic and excommunicated

What did Luther do with the papal bull?

He burned it publicly

What did Pope Leo X do in response to Luther burning the papal bull?

He asked the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V, to deal with Luther

What did Charles V decide to do to deal with Luther?

He called a Diet (meeting of German princes) at Worms

What was the Edict of Worms?

The edict was that Luther was now and outlaw (anyone could kill him without repercussions) and he was no longer a member of the church

When and where was Martin Luther born?

1483, Saxony, Germany

What type of monk did Luther?

Augustinian monk

What and where did he become a professor of in 1512?

Professor of Theology at the University of Wutenburg

Who did Luther write to about the Selling of Indulgences but was ignored?

Albrecht of Brandenburg (Archbishop of Mainz)

What was the money from the Selling of Indulgences used for?

To pay for Saint Peter's Basilica

When was the Diet of Worms called?

1521, April (16th-18)

What did Frederick the Wise do to Luther after the Diet of Worms?

He faked his kidnapping and took him to Wartburg Castle to protect him

What did Luther do at Wartburg Castle?

He translated the New Testament into German

In what year was it safe for Luther to return to Wittenberg after the Diet of Worms?

1522

Who did Luther marry?

Katherine von Bora

When did Luther die?

1546

What were the Catholic Churches beliefs?

They believed in 7 sacraments, that good works and faith would get you into heaven and that the source of a person's belief was through the bible and traditions

What were Luther's beliefs?

He believed in two sacraments, that you would get into heaven on faith alone ('Justification by Faith Alone') and that on,y the bible was the source of a persons beliefs

What factors led to Luther's ideas spreading?

His translation of the bible into the German/vernacular language (language of the people), the printing press, protection from Frederick the Wise, German rulers starting adopting his ideas in 1525

What was the Peace of Augsburg?

It was a peace treaty made following a war between the German princes and Charles V (the Holy Roman Emperor) about religion

What did the Peace of Augsburg state?

It stated that the ruler of each German state could decide his people's religion

What were the consequences of the Reformation?

Counter-Reformation (Pope, bishops, priests held a council called Council of Trent 1545-1563 which ended the 4 abuses and formed the Jesuits (traveller priests who set up schools for powerful and wealthy and carried out missionary work (helped poor) all over Europe), Europe was divided, religious wars, education (protestants wanted everyone to read the Bible)

What were the main causes of the Reformation?

The 4 abuses of the Church. Nepotism, Simony, Absenteeism and Pluralism. Renaissance encouraged questioning, Church was extremely wealthy (and people were poor), printing press invention (spread of ideas)