Unit 1.1 - NURS 140 Anatomy

Intro to Anatomy

Anatomy

 Describes and names the parts of the body

Physiology

Describes how these parts function

Levels of Organisation

Chemical, Cellular, Tissue, Organ, System, Organism

The Integumentary System 

Protects against environmental hazards; helps control body temperature

The Skeletal System

Provides support; protects tissue, stores minerals, form blood cells

The Muscular System

Allows for locomotion; provides support and produces heat

The Digestive System

Processes food and absorbs minerals/nutrients

(Mouth, Salivary Glands, Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach, Intestines, gallbladder, pancreas, liver)

Anatomical Position

a standard position of the body: standing erect, facing directly forward, feet pointed forward and slightly apart, and arms hanging down at the sides with palms facing forward

Prone position

Lying down

Supine 

Facing up 

Anterior

In front of, front

Posterior

After, behind, following, toward the rear 

Distal 

Away from, farther from the origin

Proximal

Near, closer to the origin

Dorsal 

Near the upper surface, toward the back 

Ventral

 Toward the bottom, toward the belly

Superior

Above, over

Inferior

Below, under

Lateral

Toward the side, away from the mid-line

Medial

Toward the mid-line, middle, away from the side

Rostral 

Toward the front - (head and spinal)

Caudal

Toward the back, toward the tail - (head and spinal)

Sagittal Plane

A vertical plane that runs through your body from front to back or back to front. This plane divides the body into right and left regions

Midsagittal Plane

Sagittal plane that divides the body into equal right and left regions

Parasagittal Plane

A sagittal plane that divides the body into unequal right and left regions

Coronal plane

A vertical plane that runs through the center of your body from side to side. This plane divides the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) regions 

Transverse plane

 A horizontal plane that runs through the midsection of your body. This plane divides the body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) regions

Flexion

A movement that decreases the angle between two body parts

Extension

 A movement that increases the angle between two body parts

Body Cavities

Closed, fluid-filled openings that are lined with a thin serous membrane and contain the vital organs of the trunk 

Serous membrane 

Lines body cavities and covers organs

Serous fluid

Lubricates the membranes and reduces friction with movement

Ventral body cavity

Divided by the diaphragm. Divides the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity 

Abduction

A movement away from the midline

Adduction

A movement towards the midline

Pronation

Motion that moves the palm of the hand so that it is facing posteriorly

Supination

Motion that moves the palm of the hand so that it is facing anteriorly

Dorsiflexion

Extension at the ankle, so that the foot points more superiorly

Plantar flexion

Flexion at the ankle, so that the foot points more inferiorly

4 Abdominopelvic Quadrants

Right Upper Quadrant, Left Upper Quadrant, Right Lower Quadrant, and Left Lower Quadrant

9 Abdominopelvic Quadrants

Right Hypochondriac, Epigastric Region, Left Hypochondriac, Right Lumbar, Umbilical, Left Lumbar, Right Iliac, Hypogastric, and Left Iliac

Inversion

Ankle rotation so bottom faces inward

Eversion

Ankle rotation so bottom faces outward