National Service Training Program, Philippine Constitution, and Human Rights Reviewer

Vocabulary flashcards based on lecture notes covering the NSTP Law history, the Philippine Constitution, Article III Bill of Rights, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Flag Heraldic Code (RA 8491), and voter education concepts.

Commonwealth Act No. 1

The National Defense Act of 1935, enacted on December 21, 1935, under President Manuel L. Quezon, which established mandatory military service for male citizens aged 18 to 30.

Presidential Decree 1706

The National Service Law signed on August 8, 1980, by President Ferdinand E. Marcos, which expanded mandatory national service into Civic Welfare Service, Law Enforcement, and Military Service.

Republic Act No. 7077

The Citizen Armed Forces of the Philippines Reservist Act passed on June 27, 1991, under President Corazon C. Aquino, which mandated ROTC training for tertiary students.

Mark Welson Chua

A student murdered in March 2001 after exposing corruption in the ROTC system, whose death triggered nationwide protests leading to the NSTP Act of 2001.

Republic Act No. 9163

The National Service Training Program (NSTP) Act of 2001, signed on January 23, 2002, by President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, which made ROTC optional and introduced CWTS and LTS.

ROTC (Reserve Officers' Training Corps)

An NSTP component designed to provide military training to tertiary level students in order to motivate, train, organize, and mobilize them for national defense preparedness.

CWTS (Civic Welfare Training Service)

An NSTP component consisting of programs or activities contributory to the general welfare and betterment of life through community development, health, education, and safety.

LTS (Literacy Training Service)

An NSTP component training students to teach basic literacy and numeracy skills to school children, out-of-school youth, and other needy sectors of society.

National Service Reserve Corps (NSRC)

An organization formed by graduates of the non-ROTC components (CWTS and LTS) who may be tapped by the State for literacy and civic welfare disaster response.

Polo y Servicio

A system of forced labor during the Spanish period where men worked without pay on infrastructure projects like churches and bridges.

Falla

A fee paid by wealthy individuals during the Spanish period to exempt themselves from performing mandatory forced labor (Polo y Servicio).

Preamble

Derived from the Latin 'preambulare' meaning 'to walk before'; an introductory statement presenting the fundamental principles, ideals, and purpose of the Constitution.

1899 Malolos Constitution

The constitution drafted at Barasoain Church in Malolos, Bulacan, establishing a democratic republican government with executive, legislative, and judicial branches and Church-State separation.

Bill of Rights

Article III of the 1987 Philippine Constitution; an enumeration of protected rights and privileges safeguarding individuals against arbitrary state or private actions.

Natural Rights

Inherent rights possessed by every individual from God without needing to be granted by the State, such as the Right to Life.

Constitutional Rights

Rights conferred, recognized, and guaranteed directly by the Constitution, such as Freedom of Speech.

Statutory Rights

Rights created and granted by statutory laws passed by the legislative body, which may also be modified or abolished by law.

Political Rights

Rights that give citizens the power to participate directly or indirectly in the establishment, administration, and management of government.

Civil Rights

Rights that secure the personal enjoyment, liberty, and protection of private individuals within a state.

Social and Economic Rights

Rights intended to guarantee the well-being, financial security, and economic development of individuals.

Procedural Due Process

The requirement for a fair hearing, impartial court, and lawful procedure before an individual can be deprived of life, liberty, or property.

Substantive Due Process

The requirement that a law itself must be fair, reasonable, and just in its objectives and not arbitrary or oppressive.

Probable Cause

Facts and circumstances sufficient to lead a reasonable and cautious person to believe that a specific crime has been committed by the person accused.

Clear and Present Danger Rule

A legal principle that permits state restriction on free speech only when the speech presents an immediate and severe danger to public interest or security.

Eminent Domain

The power of the government to take private property for public use upon payment of just compensation to the owner.

Obligation of a Contract

The legal duty binding parties to perform their contractual agreement, protected against legislative alteration under Section 10 of the Bill of Rights.

Writ of Habeas Corpus

A judicial order directing a detaining authority to bring a prisoner before the court to determine the legal validity of their detention.

Ex Post Facto Law

A law that retroactively changes the legal consequences of actions committed before the enactment of the law to the disadvantage of the accused.

Bill of Attainder

A legislative act that pronounces a person or group guilty of a crime and inflicts punishment without the benefit of a judicial trial.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)

A foundational document containing 30 articles outlining fundamental human rights, proclaimed by the UN General Assembly in Paris on December 10, 1948.

René Cassin Model

A structural model of the UDHR comparing its 30 articles to a Greek temple portico, featuring seven preamble steps, foundation blocks, four columns, and a pediment.

Hoist

The part of a flag nearest to the flagpole/staff, which contains the attachment point for the halyard.

Fly

The outer edge or portion of a flag that is farthest from the flagpole/staff.

Half-Mast

Lowering the flag to one-half of the distance between the top and bottom of the flagstaff as an official sign of mourning.

Places of Frivolity

Establishments or places characterized by boisterous merriment, recreation, or hilarity where displaying the flag is inappropriate or prohibited.

Golden Sun (Philippine Flag)

A symbol on the Philippine flag featuring 8 primary rays that represent the first 8 provinces to revolt against Spanish rule: Manila, Bulacan, Pampanga, Nueva Ecija, Tarlac, Laguna, Batangas, and Cavite.

Jus Soli

A legal principle where a person's nationality or citizenship is determined by their place of birth.

Jus Sanguinis

A legal principle where citizenship is inherited through blood relation or parentage regardless of place of birth.

Commonwealth Act No. 473

The Revised Naturalization Law of the Philippines, establishing the qualifications and formal process for acquiring Filipino citizenship through naturalization.

Suffrage

The legal right and obligation of qualified citizens to vote in national and local elections.

Initiative

The power of the people to directly propose amendments to the Constitution or propose and enact legislation through a statutory process.

Referendum

The submission of a law or part of a law passed by a legislative body to the vote of the electorate for approval or rejection.

Plebiscite

An electoral process in which registered voters cast votes to approve or reject proposed constitutional amendments or local statutory measures.

Voter Registration

The official act of accomplishing and filing a sworn application for registration by a qualified individual to participate in democratic elections.