Youth in Segregation Own Motion Investigation March 2021 Vocabulary

Flashcards containing key terms and concepts from the Alberta Ombudsman Youth in Segregation Own Motion Investigation March 2021 Report.

Alberta Ombudsman Edmonton Office Address

9925 – 109 Street NW, Suite 700 Edmonton, Alberta T5K 2J8

Alberta Ombudsman Edmonton Office Phone

780.427.2756

Alberta Ombudsman Calgary Office Address

801 ‐ 6 Avenue SW, Suite 2560 Calgary, Alberta T2P 3W2

Alberta Ombudsman Calgary Office Phone

403.297.6185

Alberta Ombudsman Toll Free Phone

1.888.455.2756

Alberta Ombudsman Email

[e-mail]

Alberta Ombudsman Website

www.ombudsman.ab.ca

Young Offender Branch (YOB)

Oversees young persons, between the ages of 12 and 17, who are accused or found guilty of breaking the law.

CYOC

Calgary Young Offender Centre

EYOC

Edmonton Young Offender Centre

Segregation

Period of confinement or any condition which involves the separation of a young person from their peers.

Meaningful human contact (Saskatchewan’s Youth Justice Administration Act )

Interaction with the young person that is significant, relevant, purposeful and individualized, and that goes beyond the daily operational routine of the custody facility to contribute to the young person’s rehabilitation and successful reintegration into the general facility population or the community.”

Justice and Solicitor General’s electronic inmate record management system

Offender Records and Correctional Administration (ORCA) program

Offender Records and Correctional Administration (ORCA) program status changes

“care in placement” or CIP records

Care in Placement (CIP) Statistics from April 1, 2016 – March 31, 2020:

statistics for both centres’ CIP records are provided below

EYOC Units

Female general population (GP) unit, 2 Male GP units, nIntensive services unit (Driftwood), Isolated cells unit (Zama)

CYOC Unit

Female GP unit, 2 Male GP units, Behavioural or more structured unit (Blackrock), Isolated cells unit (Kitchener)

Behavior Incident Review process or “BIR”

formalized disciplinary process conducted at the centre level that initiated when there is a serious incident (an assault on staff or on another young person, for instance) or a prolonged pattern of disruptive behaviour.

Progressive interventions

verbal cue or reprimand, issue specific consequences, time out, assessment of an early bedtime, assignment of reasonable work duties, loss of privileges, assessment of a level-drop, referral to a BIR, placement on specialized behavioural management unit, or referral of incident to a police agency for investigation and criminal charges.

Young Offender Branch policy prohibits this as discipline

Segregation

Progressive interventions that are most frequently employed and the least formalized

verbal cue or reprimand; issue specific consequences; time out—a brief period of room or Quiet Room confinement;

Youth Justice Act (YJA)

Alberta’s YJA does not reference segregation, nor by necessary implication does it authorize its use. The practice of segregating young persons in Alberta is based solely on division and centre policy.

Youth Justice Designation Regulation (the Regulation)

Defines two levels of custody: secure (in a centre under direct supervision) and open custody (in the community under supervision of a youth worker or peace officer).

Alberta data for fiscal year 2019-2020 mirrors Statistics Canada in terms of this

The overrepresentation of Indigenous young persons being admitted into custody.

Number of provinces excluding Quebec

12

Canadian young person population in 2018 representation by Indigenous people

close to 9%

Canadian young person population in 2018 representation by admissions into custody by Indigenous people

47%

Statistics Canada 2018-2019 data reported this about admissions into custody for young people

over three quarters (79%) of young persons admitted into custody were male

Statistics Canada 2018-2019 data reported this about the age of young people being admitted into custody

most (59%) young persons admitted to custody were aged 16 to 17 years at the time of admission

Sexual offences, robbery, uttering threats, break and enter, motor vehicle theft, and theft

offences most commonly committed by young persons

Daily population rate of young offenders in Alberta from April 2019 to March 2020.

42

Daily count average of young offenders in custody for the Canada excluding Quebec during 2018-2019

93 young persons

Average number of young offenders in custody on average per day in the 12 reporting jurisdictions across Canada (excluding Quebec), during 2018-2019

716 young persons

Ministry responsible for overseeing accused young offenders

Ministry of Justice and Solicitor General

Reporting jurisdictions for correctional statistics

12

Province lacking reliable recidivism statistics

Alberta

Officer of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta who “ensures administrative fairness.

The Ombudsman

The Alberta Office of the Child and Youth Advocate published this paper in September 2019

Care in Custody – A Special Report on OC Spray and Segregation in Alberta’s Young Offender Centres

What do quiet rooms, individual rooms situated close to the control desk on each unit, and “Admission and Discharge” rooms temporarily used as placement areas represent?

Placement area for a young person

What could be limited or restricted based on the young person’s level while housed at a Regular general population unit?

Access to the unit courtyard with peers, TV, extra personal phone calls, a later bedtime, extra bedding, and snacks at the canteen

Bill C-83

An Act to amend the Corrections and Conditional Release Act and another Act, which received royal assent on June 21, 2019

Nelson Mandela Rules

United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners, which give guidance on all aspects of prison management, from admission and classification to the prohibition of torture and limits on segregation.

Meaningful human contact

The opportunity to interact with others, for a minimum of two hours daily, through programs, interventions and services that make progress towards the objectives of a correctional plan or that support reintegration into general population and leisure time.

structured intervention unit or SIU

where inmates are given a minimum of four hours a day outside their cell, with at least two of those hours dedicated to “meaningful human contact”

Statistic lacking detail in legislation across Canada

observation of, and contact with, a young person while in segregation

Tracking system missing purpose and time periods

the centers considered a placement in a specific area of the facilities to meet the definition of segregation, rather than focusing on the experience of being segregated

Problem to which the BIR panel is convened

serious incident (an assault on staff or on another young person, for instance) or a prolonged pattern of disruptive behaviour.

Staff member representation at BIR panel for young offender.

A [staff member] may attend the BIR with the young person […] if they were directly involved in the incident

Young Offender Branch Behavioural Incident Review (BIR) process timeline to review the incident with the young person

within 24 hours of the event or initiation of the request for a BIR