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Tissues

Groups of cells similar in structure working together to perform a common function.

Connective Tissue

One of the four types of tissue that connects epithelium to the rest of the body and provides support, structure, and energy storage.

Epithelial Tissue

Covers exposed surfaces, lines internal passageways, and forms glands.

Apical Surface

The surface of epithelial tissue that is always on the top.

Goblet Cells

Unicellular glands in epithelial tissue that secrete mucus.

Cilia

Microscopic hair-like structures that move substances across epithelial surfaces.

Microvilli

Tiny projections that increase the surface area for absorption and secretion.

Keratinized

Refers to epithelial cells filled with protein keratin that helps protect against abrasion.

Basal Surface

The surface of epithelial tissue that has a basement membrane.

Basement Membrane

A thin layer of collagen and glycoprotein that helps attach epithelium to underlying connective tissue.

Avascular

Referring to tissues that do not contain blood vessels and obtain nutrients from surrounding tissue.

Regeneration

The ability of epithelial tissue to rapidly replace damaged cells.

Squamous Cell Epithelia

Epithelial cells that are thin and flat in shape.

Cuboidal Epithelia

Epithelial cells that are square in shape.

Columnar Epithelia

Epithelial cells that are tall and slender, resembling rectangles.

Simple Epithelium

A type of epithelium consisting of a single layer of cells.

Stratified Epithelium

A type of epithelium consisting of multiple layers of cells.

Simple Squamous Epithelium

A single layer of flat cells that facilitates absorption and diffusion.

Mesothelium

The simple squamous epithelium that lines cavity walls.

Endothelium

The simple squamous epithelium that lines heart and blood vessels.

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Provides protection against mechanical stress, found in the skin and oral cavity.

Transitional Epithelium

Specialized epithelium that can stretch and change shape, found in the bladder.

Fibroblasts

Cells in connective tissue that synthesize the extracellular matrix and collagen.

Collagen

Strong, flexible fibers found in connective tissue.

Adipocytes

Fat cells that store energy.

Osteoblasts

Bone-forming cells that secrete matrix for bone formation.

Osteoclasts

Bone cells that break down and resorb bone tissue.

Hematoma Formation

The first stage in bone healing where blood vessels hemorrhage and form a mass of clotted blood.

Cartilage Callus

A soft formation in healing bone, composed of fibrocartilage.

Compact Bone

The dense outer layer of bone that provides strength.

Spongy Bone

The interior of bone characterized by a lattice-like structure.

Calcitonin

Hormone that decreases blood calcium levels by inhibiting osteoclast activity.

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

Hormone that increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity.

First Degree Burn

A burn affecting only the epidermis, leading to redness and pain.

Basal Cell Carcinoma

The least malignant and most common type of skin cancer.

Melanoma

The most dangerous type of skin cancer arising from melanocytes.

Osteopenia

The condition where bones become thinner and weaker with age.