Fundamentals of Nursing Practice Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering health definitions, nursing models (Benner, Peplau), theory, levels of prevention, infection control, vital signs, and medication administration based on nursing fundamentals.

Health (World Health Organization)

The complete physical, mental, and social (totality) well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

Health (Florence Nightingale)

Using one’s power to the fullest and being well; it can be maintained by manipulating the environment.

Smith’s Four Levels of Health (C-RAE)

A model consisting of Clinical, Role Performance, Adaptive, and Eudaemonistic levels.

Novice (Benner’s Model)

An individual with no experience who relies on rules, guidelines, and checklists, such as nursing students or newly hired nurses.

Advanced Beginner (Benner’s Model)

A nurse with some clinical experience who can identify recurring meaningful components of a situation; typically a new graduate with a few months of experience.

Competent (Benner’s Model)

A staff nurse with $2$ to $3$ years of experience who is more organized, deliberate, and manages patient care independently.

Proficient (Benner’s Model)

An experienced nurse who is intuitive, makes faster decisions, and recognizes subtle changes in a patient's condition.

Expert (Benner’s Model)

A nurse with extensive experience who serves as a resource person, mentor, or leader, such as a nurse specialist or educator.

Hildegard Peplau's Theory

Defines nursing as the interpersonal process of therapeutic interaction between the nurse and the patient.

Phases of Nurse-Patient Interaction

The four stages consisting of Orientation, Identification, Exploitation, and Resolution (or Termination).

Primary Prevention (Level 1)

Focuses on pre-sickness or pre-disease interventions.

Secondary Prevention (Level 2)

Focuses on early detection and treatment of symptoms (Sakit Sintomas!).

Tertiary Prevention (Level 3)

Focuses on rehabilitation or the recovery phase after a disease (Tapos na! Tahanan).

Nosocomial Infection

An infection that is hospital or facility-based.

Iatrogenic Infection

An infection that is procedure-based, resulting from diagnostic or therapeutic interventions.

Endogenous Infection

An infection where the causative agent comes from the patient themselves.

Exogenous Infection

An infection where the causative agent comes from the environment.

Disinfection

The process of killing all microbes except for spores.

Sterilization

The process of killing all microbes, including spores.

Quarantine

Separates and restricts the movement of people who were exposed to a contagious disease to see if they become sick.

Isolation

Separates sick people with a disease from those who are not sick.

Cohorting

The grouping of patients with the same infection within an isolated area, functioning as a sort of strict spatial separation.

Donning PPE Mnemonic

GowMaGogGlov: Gown, Mask, Goggles, Gloves.

Doffing PPE Mnemonic

GlovGogGowMa: Gloves, Goggles, Gown, Mask.

IV Venipuncture Angle

The insertion of the IV cannula should be at a $15$ to $30$ degree angle.

Subjective Data (Covert Data)

Information reported by the patient that cannot be measured or observed by others.

Objective Data (Overt Data)

Measurable and observable information, such as vital signs or physical findings.

Nursing Diagnosis (Defining Characteristics)

The signs and symptoms, often documented as 'as manifested by' (e.g., decreased skin turgor).

Pulse Pressure

The difference between the systolic and diastolic blood pressures.

Pulse Grading ($1+$)

A thready, weak pulse that is barely palpable.

Pulse Grading ($4+$)

A bounding, strong pulse.

Eupnea

Normal adult respiratory rate of $12$ to $20$ breaths per minute with normal depth and unlabored breathing.

Korotkoff Sounds Phase 1

The first clear tapping sound, which indicates the systolic pressure.

Korotkoff Sounds Phase 5

The disappearance of sounds, which indicates the diastolic pressure.

L-tryptophan

An amino acid with a natural sedative effect found in milk; helps enhance sleep.

Pharmacokinetics

The study of the movement and modification of medication in the body: Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion.

Sublingual Administration

Placing a tablet under the tongue until it is completely absorbed.

Buccal Administration

Placing a tablet between the cheek and the gum until it is completely absorbed.

Venturi Mask

An oxygen delivery device that provides the most accurate amount of oxygen for COPD patients.

Direct Sputum Smear Microscopy

A laboratory test used for sputum examination to detect respiratory infections.