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SAMR (Substitution, Augmentation, Modification, and Redefinition)
A popular framework for tech integration into education (introduced by Ruben Puentedura) that represents a laddered, four-level approach to help teachers evaluate how they incorporate technology into their teaching
(Enhance) Substitution→Augmentation→Modification→Redefinition (Transform)
Substitution
Tech acts as a direct tool substitute with no functional change
Ex. substituting a handwritten story for a typed story
Augmentation
Tech acts as a direct tool substitute, with functional improvement
Ex. Using features like spell check and formatting tools
Modification
Tech allows for significant task redesign
ex. Using google docs and share story with peers
Redefinition
Tech allows for the creation of new tasks, previously inconceivable
ex. what if students turned written stories into multimedia productions
Laws of Media
One of the analytic tools used by media ecologists developed by media ecologists Marshall McLuhan and his son Eric
Enhance
Reverse
Retrieve
Obsolesce
Marshall McLuhan
Canadian philosopher who established the movement “Media Ecology)
created the Centre for Culture and Technology to study the psychic and social consequences of technologies and media
“The medium is the message”
“the Global Village”
McLuhan’s definition of “media”
Media is “any extension of ourselves”
ex. the bicycle is an extension of the foot, clothing is the extension of our skin
Enhance
Every new tech makes things better and improve situations
What human ability does the medium amplify?
ex. new media or tech enhances your voice
Reverse
“A blessing and a curse.” It will undo what it was supposed to enhance; inevitable and instantaneous
What happens when the medium is overused?
ex. you can now be contacted anywhere, any time, and you are expected to always respond
Retrieve
Every new tech borrows from an existing tech or behaviour
What pat medium or practice does it bring back
ex. The automobile retrieves the chariot
Obsolesce
Every time a new tech is embraced, something old is discarded
What previous medium or skill does it render obsolete?
ex. payphones are no longer necessary when people carry their own
What is AI and how does it work?
“Artificial Intelligence” is when we teach computers to do things that usually require human intelligence.
It learns by analyzing lots of data
Generative AI (learns from the internet); can sometimes make mistakes and can’t tell good from bad or fact from fiction (it picks up everything); be critical of its limitations and risks
What is Generative AI?
Trained to do more open ended tasks like generate text, images, audio, videos
flexible
accessible and easy to use
Gen AI is still a computer model
The ELIZA Effect
Projecting human traits onto a computer system; can cause us to disengage our critical thinking skills
Potential risks of Generative AI
Misinformation: sometimes the output can just be wrong; AI hallucinations (ALWAYS fact check)
Generation of harmful content (text or image based)
Suggestions for mitigating harmful AI content
Experiment with AI before using it with your students.
Talk with students about using AI responsibly.
Introduce students to the idea of AI bias.
Privacy Consideration when using gen AI
AI reviewers may access your activities
AI companies may use your data to train new AIs
Privacy concerns extend to biometric data (data related to someone’s unique human characteristics)
Usual biases of Gen AI
Provide all students with the same quality of support or instruction?
Have features that allow students with different intellectual and physical abilities to use it?
Generate content that is accurate?
Generate content reflective of my community's cultural and demographic diversity?
Interact or respond well to prompts from students from different linguistic backgrounds or levels of mastery?
Make assumptions or predictions about students based on their gender, race, ethnicity, or disability status?
