BioE demography and sampling

Demographics

the study of statistics such as births, deaths, income, or the incidence of disease, which illustrate the changing structure of human populations.

6000 years ago

Date of the earliest demographic activity

John Graunt (1662)

“Father of demography” “Natural and Political Observations Made Upon the Bills of Mortality”

19th Century Population Centered Demography

The 19th century brought about different populations’ needs and thus demography was adjusted to fit the need of certain populations

Steps in Executing Sampling

Cochran’s Sampling Formula

e = precision

p = estimated proportion of the population with the desired attribute and contains trait of interest

q = 1-p

Z = a constant from the Z-table (depending on alpha), based on alpha

² = alpha

Yamane’s Sampling Formula

N = population size

e = precision (significance – Inverse of confidence interval)

n0 = 1.96²(0.5)(0.5)/(0.05)²

What is the right order of formula and how do you solve this?

384.16

What is the answer to this solution?

What formula do you use for Cochran’s Correction

How do you solve for Cochran’s Formula-correcting for smaller populations where N=1679

In Response Rate correction, adjusting for unresponsiveness and assuming only 65% only respond, what formula will be used? and what is the answer?

n

What is the symbol of sample in demographics

Probability and Non-Probability

Two general techniques in Sampling

Probability

All members of the population has an equal chance to be selected

Non-probability

Sampling is intentional and purposeful

Simple Random

type of probability sampling where the best sampling technique is to obtain a representative sample

Stratified

type of probability sampling where the population is divided into smaller groups/strata

Systematic

type of probability sampling where every nth element chosen at random and in predetermined succession

Cluster

type of probability sampling where population is divided into clusters. Clusters are selected as samples

Stratified Sampling Formula

Solve this problem

Purposive

type of non-probability sampling where samples are selected based on what is required

Quota

type of non-probability sampling where samples are taken based on a set of predetermined criteria

Convenience

type of non-probability sampling where the nearest and most accessible samples are taken

Snowball

type of non-probability sampling where samples are referred to by already participating samples