Bioenergetics Overview

These flashcards cover key concepts related to bioenergetics, including energy systems and metabolic pathways.

ATP

Adenosine triphosphate, the primary energy carrier in living organisms.

Oxidative Phosphorylation

The metabolic pathway in which ATP is produced via the electron transport chain using oxygen.

Glycolysis

The metabolic process that breaks down glucose to produce ATP, occurring in the cytoplasm.

Acetyl CoA

A molecule that enters the Krebs cycle and is produced from pyruvate and fatty acids.

Krebs Cycle

A series of enzymatic reactions in mitochondria that produce NADH and ATP from acetyl CoA.

Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

A series of protein complexes in the mitochondrial membrane that transfer electrons to produce ATP.

Beta Oxidation

The process by which fatty acids are broken down to generate acetyl CoA.

NADH

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (reduced form), an electron carrier that donates electrons to the ETC.

FADH2

Flavin adenine dinucleotide (reduced form), another electron carrier involved in ATP production.

Isocitrate Dehydrogenase

The rate-limiting enzyme of the Krebs cycle that regulates the cycle's activity based on ATP levels.

Anaerobic Glycolysis

The process of ATP production from glucose in the absence of oxygen, leading to lactic acid formation.

Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR)

The energy expenditure of an individual at rest, indicating the number of calories burned.

Creatine Supplementation

The use of creatine as a dietary supplement to enhance the phosphocreatine energy system.

Aerobic Glycolysis

The form of glycolysis that occurs in the presence of oxygen, resulting in pyruvate being converted to acetyl CoA.

Free Fatty Acids (FFA)

Fatty acids released from adipose tissue that can be used for ATP production.