MOD CIV FINAL VOCAB

entente

a non binding agreement to follow common policies

militarism

the glorification of the military

Alsace and Lorraine

the border of Alsace Lorraine was lost in the Franco-Prussian War and the French yearned to recover it

ultimatum

a final set of demands

mobilize

preparing military forces for war

neutrality

a policy of supporting neither side in war

stalemate

a deadlock in which neither side is able to defeat the other

zeppelin

large gas filled balloons

U-boat

the nickname for submarines

convoy

groups of merchant ships protected by war ships

Dardanelles

a vital strait connecting the Black sea and the Mediterranean

T.E. Lawrence

The conal sent by the british government to support the arab revolt

total war

the channeling of a nation's entire resources into the war effort

conscription

universal military draft

contraband

military supplies and raw materials needed to make military supplies

Lusitania

the British liner that was torpedoed by a German submarine

propaganda

the spreading of ideas to promote a cause or to damage an opposing cause

atrocity

horrible acts committed against innocent people

Fourteen Points

a list of Wilson's terms for resolving future wars

self-determination

the right of people to choose their own form of government

armistice

an agreement to end fighting

pandemic

the deadly spread of influenza in 1918

reparations

payments for war damage

radicals

people who wanted to make extreme changes, dreamed of building a new social order from the chaos

collective security

a system in which a group of nations acts as one to preserve the peace of all

mandate

territories administered by Western powers

proletariat

the growing class of factory and railroad workers, miners, and urban wage earners

soviet

councils of workers and soldiers

Cheka

the communist secret police

commissar

communist party officers assigned to the army to teach party principals and ensure party loyalty

haciendas

Large Spanish colonial estates usually owned by wealthy families but worked by many peasants

nationalization

government takeover of natural resources and industry

economic nationalism

emphasis on domestic control of the economy

cultural nationalism

pride in one's own culture

Good Neighbor Policy

the U.S. pledged to take a different approach to dealing with Latin America;The U.S. withdrew troops stationed in Haiti and Nicaragua

apartheid

system of segregation set up in South Africa

Pan-Africanism

A nationalist movement that emphasized the unity of Mricans and people of African descent worldwide.

negritude movement

a movement to celebrate African culture, heritage, and values

Asia Minor

the Turkish peninsula between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea

Pan-Arabism

The nationalist movement that was built on the shared heritage of Arabs who lived in lands from the Arabian Peninsula to North Africa.

Balfour Declaration

Britain promised to establish a national homeland for the Jews.

Amritsar massacre

British soldiers killed close to 400 unarmed Indian men, women, and children, and wounded 1,100 more. People had gathered in the center of town to protest British occupation of their country, and to demand equality

ahimsa

ancient doctrine that preached nonviolence and reverence for all life

civil disobedience

the refusal to obey unjust laws

untouchables

members of the lowest caste, or class.

boycott

refuse to buy

Twenty-One Demands

a list of demands that sought to make China a Japanese protectorate

May Fourth Movement

movement in China to modernize and organize boycotts against Japanese goods

vanguard

elite leaders, of a communist revolution

Guomindang

Nationalist party, established a government in south China

Long March

March that Mao Zedong and his Communist Party underwent to avoid being captured and killed by China's Nationalist Party.

Hirohito

The emperor of Japan that reigned from 1926-1989

ultranationalist

extreme nationalists

Manchuria

A Chinese province region was rich in natural resources, and Japanese

businesses had already invested heavily there

flapper

A symbol for rebellious jazz age youth; liberated young women

Prohibition

a ban on the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages

speakeasies

illegal bars

Harlem Renaissance

African american cultural awakening

Psychoanalysis

a method of studying how the mind works and treating mental disorders

Abstract

artstyle of only lines, colors and shapes, sometimes with no recognizable subject matter at all

dada

rejects all traditional conventions and believed that there was no sense or truth in the world

surrealism

a movement that attempted to portray the works of the unconscious

Maginot Line

The french built massive borders between themselves and germany

Kellogg-Briand Pact

an agreement to outlaw war signed on August 27, 1928.

disarmament

the reduction of armed forces and weapons

general strike

strike by workers in many different industries at the same time

overproduction

a condition in which the production of goods exceeds the demand for them

finance

the management of money matters

Federal Reserve

the central banking system of the united states which regulates banks

Great Depression

a painful time of global economic collapse

Franklin D. Roosevelt

32nd president of the united states, elected in 1932

New Deal

a massive package of economic and social programs

Benito Mussolini

Benito Mussolini was an Italian nationalist and the founder of Italian Fascism.

Black Shirts

a party of militants, rejected the democratic process in favor of violent action

March on Rome

tens of thousands of fascists swarmed towards the capital of Italy .

totalitarian state

a form of government that is a one party dictatorship attempts to regulate every aspect of the lives of its citizens

fascism

centralized government that is not commutative whose policies glorify the tate over the individual and are destructive to basic human rights

command economy

government officials made all basic economic decisions

collectives

large farms owned and operated by peasants as a group

kulaks

wealthy farmers

Gulag

a system of brutal labor camps

socialist realism

artstyle whose goal was to show soviet life in a positive light and promote hope in the communist future

russification

making a nationalities culture more russian

atheism

the belief that there is no god

Comintem

small organization, but it devised novel ways of controlling communist parties around the world. Formed by Lenin

chancellor

prime minister

Ruhr Valley

A coal rich valley in Germany

Third Reich

official name of the nazi party for its regime in germany; held power from 1933 to 1945

Gestapo

secret police in Nazi Germany

Nuremberg Laws

laws approved by the nazi party in 1935, depriving jews of german citizenship and taking some rights away from them

appeasement

giving in to the demands of an aggressor in order to keep the peace

pacifism

opposition to all war

Neutrality Acts

Passed by United States congress, laws that forbade involvement in european war and conflict

Axis powers

three nations that agreed to fight soviet communism

Francisco Franco

a conservative general who led a revolt that touched off the bloody civil war

Anschluss

the union of Austria and Germany

Sudetenland

a religion of western Czechoslovakia

Nazi-Soviet Pact

bound by Hitler and Stalin to peacefully relations

blitzkrieg

lightning war