Persuasive Speaking

Facts

statements that can be proven to be true or false based on evidence; no personal beliefs

Opinions

expressions of personal beliefs; may vary from person to person and cannot be proven true or false

they are crucial for critical thinking skills, research skills, effective communication, and media literacy.

why is understanding facts and opinions crucial?

Persuasive Speaking

aims to influence or convince an audience to adopt a belief, attitude, or action

Aristotle

he proposed the elements of persuasive speaking

Ethos

credibility and authority of the speaker/author

Logos

logic and reason; evidence that supports the claim

Pathos

appeals to the emotions of the audience

Argumentation

making and explaining reasons to support an opinion; debating about a certain topic

Claim

element of argumentation that presents the main idea/stand on an issue that a person wants to prove or convince others to agree with

Counterclaim

element of argumentation that presents the idea that disagrees with someone else’s main point

Bias

element of argumentation that represents the strong feeling or preference on one side of an argument

Language Bias

bias that uses language or words that show preference to certain groups of ideas

Information Bias

bias that gives only some information, leaving out important details

Withholding Information

bias that keeps important facts secret on purpose

Emotionally-charged Language

bias that uses words that make people feel strong emotions