CE111 | History of Civil Engineering

Archimedes of Syracuse

Was paving the way for generations that followed him.

Archimedes of Syracuse

He invented the compound pulley, which turned out to be one of the most important inventions in history, and also developed engineering principles for fluid displacement.

Archimedes of Syracuse

287-212 BC

John Smeaton

Is considered to be the first civil engineer and is often referred to as the “Father of Civil Engineering.”

John Smeaton

He worked to create windmills and waterwheels during the Industrial Revolution and published a paper about the correlation between pressure and velocity for objects moving through the air.

John Smeaton

Smeaton had an extensive series of commissions for the design of bridges, canals, harbors and lighthouses.

John Smeaton

1724-1792

Squire Whipple

Designed and built a weight lock scale that had a capacity of 300 tons, which proved especially useful for building bridges.

Squire Whipple

He used his invention to weigh canal boats and also built several short-span iron bridges for the New York and Erie Railroad.

Squire Whipple

1804-1888

Henry Bessemer

Is credited for inventing the first mass-producing steel process that led to the development of the modern skyscraper.

Henry Bessemer

1813-1898

Arthur Casagrande

A former Harvard professor developed the design principles used in the construction of earth and rock dams throughout the world.

Arthur Casagrande

1902-1981

The degree of Civil Engineer (C.E.)

Was a professional degree granted to graduates of the technical course after three or more years in practice and study of civil engineering who presented a satisfactory thesis or discussion of some engineering work they had done.

Early 1900s to the early 1950s.

When the degree of Civil Engineer (C.E.) was established and was granted until.

The 1920s

When the Master of Science degree in civil engineering was established.

1961 with the first graduates in 1965

When the Ph.D. degree in civil engineering was established.

Civil engineering

Is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including public works such as roads, bridges, canals, dams, airports, sewage systems, pipelines, structural components of buildings, and railways.

Manual Labor

-The First Engineering Tool -In ancient history, most of the construction was carried out by artisans, and technical expertise was limited. Tasks were accomplished by the utilization of manual labor only, without the use of sophisticated machinery since it did not exist. -Therefore, civil engineering works could only be realized with the utilization of a large number of skilled workers over an extended period of time.

Civil engineering

-Is considered to be the first main discipline of engineering, and the engineers were in fact military engineers with expertise in military and civil works. -During the era of battles or operations, the engineers were engaged to assist the soldiers fighting in the battlefield by making catapults, towers, and other instruments used for fighting the enemy.

Civil engineering and Architecture

Were often used interchangeably.

18th century

When the term civil engineering was firstly used independently from the term military engineering. Norwich University

Computer-Aided Design (CAD) and Computer-Aided Manufacture (CAM)

-The most prominent contributor in civil engineering -Civil engineers use this technology to achieve an efficient system of construction, including manufacture, fabrication, and erection.

Indio Builders

-Content themselves to be called mere Maestro de Obras (Master Builders) due to social prejudeice constraints. -Master Builders equivalent to Construction Foreman.

The Walled City of Intramuros

-Established by Spaniards in 1521 -Area= 0.67 sq. km. chosen between Manila Bay and the Pasig River -Spaniards political and military base in Asia. -Where only the nation's most powerful clans (mostly from Spanish descent) could settle.

Miguel Lopez De Legazpi

-Founded the city of manila on June 24, 1571.

Fort Santiago (Fuerte de Santiago)

Spaniards started to build the fort after the establishment of city of Manila under Spanish rule. Franciscan Order (1577)

Franciscan Order (1733)

Construction of stone church financed by the public charity. Became one of richest in Intramuros.

St. Augustine Church (1599)

Oldest stone church in the Philippines.

San Sebastian Church (1621)

Don Bernardino Castillo donated his lot as present site of the church.

Puente Grande (1632)

-Erected across the grand Rio del Pasig. -Wooden bridge connects Intramuros and Binondo together.

Puente de Espatia (1875)

Renamed from Puente Grande (Widening its spans to masonry of six and two central houses, which accommodate pedestrians, vehicles, horse, carabao, carts carriages, tranvia).

Jones Bridge

Later replaced Puente de Espatia in 1930, neo-classical designed Juan Arellano.

Fr. Manuel Camanes

Built the first artesian well in Bells, Pampanga.

Fr. Juan Pegero (1686)

Constructed the water system in Manila (now MWSS, Metropolitan Waterworks Sewerage System) which had its beginning from the water works.

Fr. Jose Delgado

Constructed the first irrigation system built in Tanay, Rizal.

Farola

Spanish for lighthouse.

Pasig River Lighthouse

-Was the first lighthouse (masonry-built). -First lighted on 1846, deactivated on 1992. -Then located on the north jetty at the mouth of Pasig River, (San Nicolas, Manila) marking the entrance to the river for vessels around Manila Bay.

Puente Colgante

-Spanish for suspension bridge' 1852 -First suspension bridge built in souetheast asia. -Built and owned by Ynchaustiy Compaiiia, the business headed by Jose Joaquin de Ynchausti. -The bridge was first named Puente de Claveria to honor Governor-General Narciso Claveria. -Two-laned 110m long and 7m wide bridge.

Bureau of Public Works and Highways (1868)

-(Obras Publicas and Bureau of Communications and Transportation (Communicationes y Meteologia) -Were organized under a civil engineer known as "Director General.”

Transportation

-Philippines was depended largely on trails, waterways, railroad, earth roads and partially-gravelled roads. -The popular Macadam road type was introduced.

The Faculty of Engineering of the University of Santo Tomas (UST)

Oldest engineering school in the Philippines, established on May 18, 1907, as School of Civil Engineering with Masteral degree program offer.

1901

-Highways. bridges. schools. hospitals. and government buildings steadily transformed the Philippine landscape.  -The introduction of reinforced concrete and its use in the construction of the Masonic Temple or Grand Lodge of the Philippines.

Liceo De Manila

-Private institution offering academic course for maestro de obras and headed by Leon Ma. Guerrero. -Forerunner of formal education in architecture/engineering.

Wawa Dam 1909

-(also known as Montalban Dam) -Gravity dam constructed over the Marikina River in the municipality of Rodriguez in Rizal province. -Situated in the 360-metre (1,180 ft) high Montalban Gorge or Wawa Gorge, a water gap in the Sierra Madre Mountains, and east of Manila. -It used to be the only source of water for Manila until Angat Dam was built.

Caliraya Dam (1942)

-Embankment dam located in the town of Lumban province of Laguna, in the Sierra Madre Mountain Range of the Philippines. -Lake Caliraya, initially supplied one of the oldest hydroelectric plants in the Philippines. -Construction started in 1939, operated in 1942.

Ambuklao Dam (1956)

-The highest and biggest in the Far East. -Made of earth and rockfill which measures 129 meters in height and 452 meters in length. -Gross storage capacity of the dam's reservoir is 327,170,000 cubic meters and it has a usable storage capacity of 258,000,000 cubic meters. -Construction began on July 1950 and opened on December 23, 1956.

Manila International Airport (MIA) 1953-1961

-Exclusive use of international passengers at the southwest intersection of the runways. -Building of infrastructure dedicated to international flights

The Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines (ASEP)

Founded in 1961.

Professional Regulation Commission (June 1973)

President Ferdinand E. Marcos issued Presidential Decree 223, regulating all professions and accrediting only one organization to represent each profession.

Philippine Institute Of Civil Engineers (December 11, 1973)

-Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) issued Registration Certificate No.53896 to the PICE. -First international convention was held in the Philippines on May 20 to 24, 1975 with the theme 'Civil Engineering in Disaster Prevention Control." -August 13. 1975, PRC recognized PICE as the only official organization of CE in the Philippines with Accreditation No. 007.

Engr. Cesar Caliwara (February 19740

First president of PICE.

Department of Public Highways (DPH) (July 1, 1974)

Bureau of Public Highways (BPH) was expanded as The Department of Public Highways.

PD 1096

-Otherwise known as the National -Building Code of the Philippines, FEBRUARY 19, 1977 -Signed by then and its Implementing Rules and Regulations ('IRR')