Biomedical Sciences Exam 2 Jeopardy Questions :)

DNA viruses like Human Papillomavirus use this type of polymerase to replicate their genomes:

DNA-dependent DNA polymerase.

(because HPV is a dsDNA virus)

What polymerase replicates the RNA genome of Rubella virus?

RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.

What type of virus have an outermost layer of primarily protein?

Non-enveloped viruses.

What a virus infects, replicates, and is cleared rapidly, the infection is considered an ____ infection.

Acute.

This arm of the immune system allows for specific reponses to pathogens and memory:

Adaptive immune system.

These types of viruses can undergo membrane fusion to penetrate into a cell:

Enveloped viruses.

This way that a virus can cause disease is when it induces an immune response that leads to the signs/symptoms of disease:

Immunopathogenesis

Poliovirus vaccines lead to the production of antibodies that can neutralize poliovirus in the ____ phase, meaning “while the virus is in the blood”.

Viremia.

The normal process of cellular transcription is performed by this polymerase:

DNA-dependent RNA polymerase.

These type of viruses are more likely to be transmitted by the fecal-oral route.

Non-enveloped viruses.

HIV destroys cells of the immune system making a person more susceptible to opportunistic infections; this way a virus causes diseases is called:

Immunosuppression

The protein of SARS-CoV-2 that neutralizing antibodies (from vaccination or previous infection) bind to:

Spike protein.

After entering a cell, the HIV polymerase first uses this type of polymerase activity:

RNA-dependent DNA polymerase (reverse transcriptase)

What polymerase is also known as reverse transcriptase?

RNA-dependent DNA polymerase.

These types of viruses cannot tolerate drying:

Enveloped viruses.

This pro-inflammatory cytokine is produced from virally-infected cells to trigger cells nearby to go into an antiviral state.

Interferon.

These innate immune cells recognize and destroy cells that have decreased MHC Class I on their surface.

Natural Killer (NK cells)

What are Natural Killer (NK) cells?

A type of white blood cell that act as rapid first responders in your body’s innate immune system.

This type of polymerase is responsible for making new HIV genomes:

DNA-dependent RNA polymerase.

These type of viruses must be released by either cell lysis or exocytosis:

Non-enveloped viruses.

This is when a virus leads to changes in a cell’s properties that promotes cell growth leading to cancer:

Oncogenesis.

These effector cells of the adaptive immune system is responsible for producing and secreting antiboides.

Plasma cells.

What are plasma cells?

Are a type of white blood cell that make large amounts of proteins called antibodies to help the body fight infections.

This antibody is the first to be formed upon the immune system encountering a virus/pathogen for the first time:

IgM.

Receptor antagonists block this step of the viral replication cycle:

Attachment.

Vaccination is an example of this type of immunity:

Artificial active.

Vaccines in this category generally need boosters to elicit a protective or more long term immune repsonse:

Inactivated vaccines.

Fusion inhibitors block this step of the replication cycle, but only when used against an enveloped virus:

Penetration/entry

These can be injected to neutralize viruses and limit spread in the body, but they need to be specific!:

Antibodies.

Transfer of antibodies from mother to child via breastfeeding is an example of this type of immunity:

Natural, passive

Vaccines, like natural virus infection, generate an immune response that can lead to flu-like symptoms because they lead to the production of this antiviral cytokine:

Interferon.

Neuraminidase inhibitors block this step of the influenza virus replication cycle:

Release.

This antiviral for treatment of Herpes Simplex Virus has low cytotoxicity because it requires phosphorylation in cells by a viral enzyme:

Acyclovir.

This form of immunization generates immune memory:

Immunization.

The flu shot cannot cause the flu, even if given to immunocompromised people because it is this type of vaccination:

Inactivated

This type of antiviral treatment reduces synthesis of viral proteins by acting to reduce activity of the cellular machine involved:

Interferon therapy.

These resemble normal nucleosides, but when they are incorporated, they can chain termination of the new strand:

Nucleoside analogs.

Giving a shot of an antivenom antibody after a snake bite confers this type of immunity:

Artificial, passive.

This category of vaccine is generally accepted as safe to give to children less than 12 months of age, pregnant women and immunocompromised people:

Inactivated

Vaccines in this category elicit an immune response that is more similar to the response of a natural infection:

Attenuated vaccines.

Developing immunity after infection with a virus is an example of this type of immunity:

Natural active.