Unit 4 Cellular Processes Vocab #2

Anaphase

Phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell

Chromatin

Clusters of DNA, RNA, and proteins in the nucleus of a cell

cytokinesis

division of the cytoplasm

interphase

Cell grows, performs its normal functions, and prepares for division; consists of G1, S, and G2 phases

metaphase

second phase of mitosis; chromosomes line up across the center of the cell

mitosis

part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides

prophase

Chromosomes become visible, nuclear envelop dissolves, spindle forms

telophase

the final phase of cell division; chromatids or chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell and two nuclei are formed; cytokinesis begins in this phase

cancer

body cells grow and divide uncontrollably, damaging the parts of the body around them.

crossing over

exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis

Nondisjunction

Error in meiosis in which homologous chromosomes fail to separate.

sexual reproduction

gamete cells (made during meiosis) from two parents unite to form the first cell of a new organism

asexual reproduction

A reproductive process that involves only one parent and produces offspring that are identical to the parent.

zygote

a diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes; a fertilized ovum(egg).